The Syntax of Programming Languages

1. A quick introduction to BNF, EBNF, and railroad diagrams
2. A short introduction to BNF
3. The ISO standard for EBNF
4. Railroad (or syntax) diagrams
   1. A short introduction
   2. Visual Syntax Diagrams for Programming Language Statements, by Lisa Braz. Includes a discussion of the pros and cons of railroad diagrams compared to BNF.
   3. Augmented Syntax Diagrams, a tool for writing graphical grammars for natural languages
5. The dangling else problem
   1. Audit rules find possible errors in Java

Compilers for Programming Languages

Functional Programming and the Lambda Calculus

1. IPL
2. Lisp
   1. The Association of Lisp Users (ALU) site
   2. Many of the things Lisp is and isn’t
   3. A Java/Lisp performance comparison
3. Application programs that use Lisp
   1. GNU Emacs
   2. KM
   3. Scone
   4. Common Music
   5. AutoCAD (with its own Lisp dialect, AutoLISP)
      1. AutoLISP Exchange
4. Haskell
   1. The Haskell.org page