Traditional AI research has not given due attention to the important role that physical bodies play for agents as their interactions produce complex emergent behaviors to achieve goals in the dynamic real world. The RoboCup Physical Agent Challenge provides a good testbed for studying how physical bodies play a significant role in realizing intelligent behaviors using the RoboCup framework. In order for the robots to play a soccer game reasonably well, a wide range of technologies needs to be integrated and a number of technical breakthroughs must be made. In this paper, we present three challenging tasks as the RoboCup Physical Agent Challenge Phase I: (1) moving the ball to the specified area (shooting, passing, and dribbling) with no, stationary, or moving obstacles, (2) catching the ball from an opponent or a teammate (receiving, goal-keeping, and intercepting), and (3) passing the ball between two players. The first two are concerned with single agent skills while the third one is related to a simple cooperative behavior. Motivation for these challenges and evaluation methodology are given.

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Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 12 (1998), pp. 251-263.

@article{hardware-challenge97, title={The RoboCup Physical Agent Challenge: Phase-I}, author={Minoru Asada and Yasuo Kuniyoshi and Alexis Drogoul and Hajime Asama and Maja Mataric and Dominique Duhaut and Peter Stone and Hiroaki Kitano}, volume={12}, journal={Applied Artificial Intelligence}, pages={251-263}, url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab?hardware-challenge97", year={1998} }