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A Technical History of the ARPANET

Bibliography of ARPANET Papers and Articles presented in a chronological order

 

Towards a Cooperative Network of Time Shared Computers Roberts, Lawrence G. ; Marill AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Library of Congress #:TK7885A1 J6 11/1966

Multiple Computer Networks and Inter-computer Communications Roberts, Lawrence G. ACM Symposium on Operating Systems 1967 Original ARPANET design paper.

Message Switching Network Proposal Roberts, Lawrence G. ; Clark, Wesley Publication Unknown 4/27/1967 Interface Message Processor conceived and first described in this paper.

Functional Description of IMP Shapiro, Elmer; Kleinrock, Leonard ; Culler, Glenn Publication Unknown 1968 Early discussion of IMPs. Roberts and Wessler wrote the final IMP spec.

Access Control and File Directories in Computer Networks Roberts, Lawrence G. IEEE Internation Convention 3/1968

The Computer as a Communication Device Licklider, J.C.R. Science and Technology (pg. 40) 4/1968 The link provided is to a page created by SRC Research. The page publishes two of Lickliders works in commemoration of his life. This paper is the second paper in the document.

A Study of Computer Network Design Parameters Shapiro, Elmer Publication Unknown 12/1968 Result of a 4-month contract by Larry Roberts, awarded to SRI to study the design and specification of a computer network. Contains IMP design ideas, and notes three types of communications: IMP-IMP, Host-IMP, Host-Host.

RFQ for ARPA Computer Network ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency 7/1968 Request for Quotation for the ARPANET. Document was sent out to 140 potential bidders for the construction of the network. (BBN ultimately won the contract)

ARPANET Completion Report BBN Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc Discusses the overall ARPANET project along with specific protocol issues, lessons learned, and social implications. A very good read for those wishing to start learning about the ARPANET.

Initial Hardware Design for IMP BBN Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc Report #1763 1/6/1969 Contains the initial hardware design for IMP

Data Processing Technology Forecast Roberts, Lawrence G. Publication Unknown 4/23/1969 "First derivation of 18 month doubling of performance for computers - Preceded Moore's 18 month Law for semiconductors"

Resource Sharing Networks Roberts, Lawrence G. IEEE International Conference 3/1969

Initial Design Specification for the Interconnecting of a Host and an IMP BBN Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc Report #1822 5/1969-5/1978 Peter Salus views this as "a vital document of the ARPANET and, later, the internet." Specifies hardware and software designs for the interface message processor. Host to host NCP (Network Control Program) software also described.

Models for Computer Networks Kleinrock, Leonard Proceedings of the International Conference in Communications (pp21-9 to 21-16) 6/1969

Comparison of Solutions Methods for Computer Network Models Kleinrock, Leonard Proceedings of the Computers and Communications Conference 9/30-10/2/1969

Users Guide to the Terminal IMP BBN Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc Report #2183 Referenced by SJCC '72 paper, and Casting the Net

The BBN Terminal Interface Message Processor BBN Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc Report #2184 Referenced by SJCC '72 paper

Computer Network Development to Achieve Resource Sharing Roberts, Lawrence G. ; Wessler, Barry D. Spring Joint Computer Conference 1970 (Proceedings of AFIPS) (pp 543-549) 5/1970 This paper describes the need for a computer network, the requirements of a computer communications system, a description of the properties of the communications system chosen, and the potential uses of such a network.

The Interface Message Processor for the ARPA Computer Network Crowther, William R.; Heart, Frank E.; Kahn, Robert ; Ornstein, Steve M.; Walden, David C. Spring Joint Computer Conference 1970 (Proceedings of AFIPS) (pp 551-567) 5/1970 This paper discusses in detail the Interface Message Processor (IMP) for the ARPANET. Discussion includes HOST-IMP interfacing, messages, links, system failure, routing, subnet failure, recovery, hardware/software details, and performance. This paper appears to give a fantastic insight into some of the finer details of ARPANET operation.

Analytic and Simulation Methods in Computer Network Design Kleinrock, Leonard Spring Joint Computer Conference 1970 (Proceedings of AFIPS) (pp 569-579) 5/1970 This paper 'attempts to move in the direction of providing some tools for and insight into the design of computer networks through mathmatical modeling, analysis and simulation'. The paper uses the ARPANET as an example.

Topological Considerations in the Design of the ARPA Computer Network Chou, W.; Frank, Howard; Frisch, I.T. Spring Joint Computer Conference 1970 (Proceedings of AFIPS) (pp 581-587) 5/1970 This paper mathematically discusses network topology from the standpoint of evaluation.

HOST-HOST Communication Protocol in the ARPA Network Carr, C. Stephen; Crocker, Stephen D.; Cerf, Vinton G. Spring Joint Computer Conference 1970 (Proceedings of AFIPS) (pp 589-597) 5/1970 'This paper details the decisions that have been made and the considerations behind these decisions" concerning the protocol for HOST-HOST communication.

Terminal Access to the ARPA Computer Network Kahn, Robert Proceedings of the Courant Computer Science Symposium 3 11/1970 Describes the characteristics of a Terminal IMP. A question and answer session from the end of the talk is included.

Routing in Computer Networks Chou, W.; Frank, Howard Networks, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Vol 1 #2 (pp99-112) 1971

Official Initial Connection Protocol Postel, Jonathon B. ARPA Network Working Group Doc. #2, and Network Information Center, NIC#7101 6/1971

A Forward Look Roberts, Lawrence G. Signal Vol XXV No 12 (pp77-81) 8/1971

A Study of the ARPA Network Design and Performance Crowther, William R.; Kahn, Robert Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc Report #2161 8/1971

Flow Control in a Resource Sharing Computer Network Crowther, William R.; Kahn, Robert Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Problems in the Optimization of Data Communication Systems 10/1971

The ARPA Computer Network Roberts, Lawrence G. ; Wessler, Barry D. Computer Communication Networks, Prentice Hall 1972 One chapter in the book. An overview of the ARPANET, covering issues including reliability, responsiveness, cost, and alternative designs.

Host/Host Protocol for the ARPA Network McKenzie, Alex Current Network Protocols, Network Information Center, NIC#7147 1/1972

The Terminal IMP for the ARPA Computer Network Ornstein, Steve M.; Heart, Frank E.; Crowther, William R.; Rising, H.K.; Russell, S.B.; Michel, A. Spring Joint Computer Conference 1972 (Proceedings of AFIPS) (pp 243-254) 5/1972 Discusses major developments that have taken place over the previous two years on ARPANET. Then discusses the Terminal IMP (TIP), which allows direct terminal access to the network. Concludes by discussing general issues and plans for the next stage in development of the network.

Computer Communications Network Design -- Experience with Theory and Practice Frank, Howard; Kahn, Robert ; Kleinrock, Leonard Spring Joint Computer Conference 1972 (Proceedings of AFIPS) (pp 255-270) 5/1972 A review and evaluation of the ARPANET's previous two years. The authors discuss and evaluate each others methods towards networking to determine their advantages and disadvantages. The paper opens with a broad overview of the network as it stood in May of 72. Then design techniques are discussed, covering IMP design, message handling, error and flow control, routing, and topological considerations.

Function-oriented Protocols for the ARPA Computer Network Crocker, Stephen D.; Heafner, John F.; Metcalfe, Robert M.; Postel, Jonathon B. Spring Joint Computer Conference 1972 (Proceedings of AFIPS) (pp 271-279) 5/1972 This document's goal is to describe and define higher-level protocols in the network. It accomplishes this by first defining protocol, describing the underlying protocols involved in the connection of HOST-HOST, and HOST-IMP. The majority of the document concerns what are now considered 'application layer' protocols: TELNET, FTP, and RJE (Remote Job Entry).

Flow Control in a Resource Sharing Computer Network Crowther, William R.; Kahn, Robert IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-20, No. 3 (pp539-546) 6/1972 Discussion of flow control in a resource sharing network. Flow control in the IMP-IMP subnet is discussed in detail in relation to the host and performance.

Scenarios for Using the ARPANET at the International Conference on Computer Communication Metcalfe, Robert M. Publication Unknown 10/24/72 20 different scenarios, 62 pages. Handbook put together for the naive users to employ in running the demos.

The Network Control Center for the ARPA Network McKenzie, Alex; Cosell, B.P.; McQuillan, J.M.; Thrope, M.J. International Conference on Computer Communication, Library of Congress #:TK 5102.5 I52 1972 10/24/72 Discusses the NCC (Network Control Center) software and hardware (IMP).

Resource-Sharing Computer Communications Networks Kahn, Robert Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 60 (pp1397-1407) 11/1972 An introduction to computer to computer networks and resource sharing. Aspects of distributed computation is discussed. ARPANET is discussed through the paper.

Improvements in the Design and Performance of the ARPA Network Cosell, B.P.; Crowther, William R.; Heart, Frank E.; McQuillan, J.M. AFIPS Conference Proceedings (pp741-754) 12/1972

ARPANET routing and metering algorithms Kahn, Robert ; Sittler, Robert; Crowther, William R.; Walden, David C.; Mimno Publication Unknown 1971 & 1972 (Box 7, folder 5)

Host/Host Protocol Design Considerations McKenzie, Alex Current Network Protocols, Network Information Center, NIC#13879 1/1973

Memorandum, December 15, 1972 Steve (we can probably assume this is Steve Crocker) Rolling Routing Describes an algorithm that would reduce the time it takes routing information to propogate through the Net. "It does not apply to the routing information itself, but only to its propogation.

Memorandum, December 22, 1972 McQuillan, J.M. (the memo was signed "McQ") The Recent Network Crisis Describes a network crisis caused by a known IMP problem: packet retransmissions are not rerouted.

Memorandum, March 23, 1973 McKenzie, Alex Report of Major Network Failure on March 22 This memo is particularly interesting because it describes widespread network problems caused by a single lost bit.

Memorandums, March 12-15, 1973 McQuillan, J.M. (IG #15 & #17), Cosell, Bernie (#16) Discussion of software checksumming between IMPs These memos show how discussion of how decisions among the IMP Guys were often made. Each of these memos was addressed to the IMP Guys and shows how the open forum among the grouped facilitated decision-making.

Data by the Packet Roberts, Lawrence G. IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 11, No. 3 (pp46-51) 2/1974 Discussion of packet switching with a focus on cost feasibility.

On Measured Behavior of the ARPA Network Kleinrock, Leonard ; Naylor, W.E. AFIPS Proceedings 43 (pp767-780) 1974 Presents and evaluates results of recent measurements of the ARPANET. First discusses the tools available for performing the measurements. Then the results of the seven day measurements are presented. Measured quantities include input traffic, line traffic, and message delays.

Issues in Packet Switching Network Design Crowther, William R.; Heart, Frank E.; McKenzie, Alex; McQuillan, J.M.; Walden, David C. Computer Networking, IEEE press (pp182-196) 5/1975 Overview of issues ARPANET designers dealt with in designing the network. Discusses the same factors covered in "The Evolution of Message Processing Techniques in the ARPA Network" but covers some in more detail. Also includes a section on routing.

Host-to-Host Protocols Walden, D. C. Network Systems and Software Infotech State of the Art Report 24 5/1975 Discusses difficulties with the Host-to-Host protocol and effects Host-IMP protocol had on Host-to-Host protocol design and performance. Also includes an alternative to the ARPANET Host-to-Host protocol.

The Evolution of Message Processing Techniques in the ARPA Network McQuillan, John Network Systems and Software Infotech State of the Art Report 24 5/1975 Contains source IMP - destination IMP information found in the ARPANET Completion Report Draft. Examines factors which led to original ARPANET transmission procedures and problems that necessitated redesigning portions of original design. Lengthy and a must read for anyone interested in source and destination IMP protocols.

An Assessment of ARPANET Protocols Cerf, V. G. Network Systems and Software Infotech State of the Art Report 24 5/1975 Cerf takes a retrospective look at the ARPANET design and gives reasons to reconsider the design and implementation of the Host-to-Host, Host-IMP and IMP-IMP protocols. This is the paper ARPANET designers rebutted in the "ARPANET Completion Report" and "The Evolution of Message Processing Techniques in the ARPA Network.".

Queueing System, Volume II: Computer Applications Kleinrock, Leonard John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Library of Congress #:T 57.9 K6 1976 The first published book on the ARPANET. Queuing theory applied to networks, with the ARPANET discussed as example.

The ARPA Network Design Decisions McQuillan, J.M.; Walden, David C. Computer Networks, Vol. 1 #5 (pp 243-289) 8/1977 Discusses design choices in the ARPANET in the areas of: Store and Forward design, source to destination issues, and network equipment design. Of note in this paper is the inclusion of network term definitions, including: Nodes, Hosts, Lines, etc. The article is quite lengthy and detailed. Contains a lengthy, detailed section on routing.

The Evolution of Packet Switching Roberts, Lawrence G. Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 66, Number 11 (pp. 1307 - 1313) 11/1978 Looks at the history of packet switching from Rand work to Packet Radio. Summary form with very little detail.

Principles and Lessons in Packet Communications Kleinrock, Leonard Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 66, Number 11 11/1978 A retrospective look at some issues of packet-switching network design. Focuses on deadlock, degradations, distributed controls, broadcast channels and hierarchical design. Also discusses issues yet to be resolved, such as flow control, stale protocols and inexperienced designers.

ARPANET Completion Report (also Report #4799) McKenzie, Alex; Walden, David C.; Heart, Frank E.; McQuillan, J.M. Advanced Projects Research Agency 1978

Evolution of Host/Host Protocol Technology McKenzie, Alex; Walden, David C. Computer (pp29-38), Library of Congress #:TK 7885 A1 C68 9/1979

Computer Networks Tanenbaum, Andrew S. Computer Networks, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Library of Congress #:TK 5105.5 T36 1981 A networking book describing the seven layer model. Compares the seven layer model to several network architectures, including the ARPANET.

The DARPA Internet Protocol Suite Cole, Robert; Leiner, Barry; Mills, David; Postel, Jonathon B. IEEE INFOCOM 85, Washington, D.C. 3/1985 This paper attempts to describe the entire suite of protocols involved in the ARPANET. Inludes an overview of the network, and descriptions of TCP, IP, UDP, ICMP, Application protocols, Remote Terminal Protocol, FTP, SMTP, and Gateway protocols.

Internetwork Applications Using the DARPA Protocol Suite Postel, Jonathon B. IEEE INFOCOM 85, Washington, D.C. 3/1985 Discusses applications level protocols: SMTP, FTP, TELNET, and a few others.

The ARPANET, The Defense Data Network, and The Internet McKenzie, Alex; Walden, David C. Encyclopedia of Telecommunications, Vol 1, Marcel Dekker, Inc. (pp341-346), Library of Congress #:TK 5102 E646 1991

Casting the Net Salus, Peter H. Casting the Net, Addison-Wesley 1995 An entertaining approach to the technical side of the beginnings of the Internet. This book includes many RFCs and other references in a compelling fashion.

Where Wizards Stay up Late Hafner, Katie and Lyon, Matthew Where Wizards Stay up Late, Simon & Schuster 1996 A historical, non-technical history of the Internet, with particular emphasis on the ARPANET. Very entertaining.

 

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