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| A |
| ARPANET- Advanced Research Projects Agency Network |
| ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The
US ASCII character set as defined in NIC #7104. |
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| B |
| BBN - Bolt, Beranek and Newman. The company contracted to build
the Interface Message Processors. |
| Block Data Terminals - Devices such as printers, card readers,
paper tape, and magnetic tape equipment |
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| C |
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| D |
| Data Connection - A simplex connection over which data is transferred,
in a specified byte size, mode and type. The data transferred may be a
part of a file, an entire file or a number of files. |
| Data Socket - The socket on which an application layer process
"listens" for a data connection. |
| Direct Use - Implies that a network user is "logged"
into a remote host, uses it as a local user, and interacts with the remote
system via a terminal (teletypewriter, graphics console) or a computer.
Differences in terminal characteristics are handled by host system programs,
in accordance with standard protocols (such as TELNET (RFC 97) for teletypewriter
communications, NETRJS (RFC 88) for remote job entry. These are old examples).
The user, however, has to know the different conventions of the remote
systems, in order to use them. |
| DNS - Domain Name System developed to allow a structured network,
in the form of domain names, to proliferate (.com, .gov, .mil, .org, .net,
.int) |
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| E |
| Efficiency - CPU time or cost |
| EOF - The end-of-file condition that for example, defines the
end of a file being transferred. |
| Error Recovery - A procedure that allows a user to recover form
certain transmission errors such as failure of either Host system or transfer
process. |
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| F |
| File - A sequence of bits, a sequence or characters, or programs
of arbitrary length uniquely identified by a pathname. |
| FTP Commands - A set of commands that comprise the control information
flowing from the user-FTP to the server-FTP process. |
| Full duplex - Full-duplex data transmission means that data can
be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier at the same time.
For example, on a local area network with a technology that has full-duplex
transmission, one workstation can be sending data on the line while another
workstation is receiving data. Full-duplex transmission necessarily implies
a bidirectional line (one that can move data in both directions). |
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| G |
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| H |
| Host Socket - This is commonly known as port in todays terminology. |
| Host-to-Host - The Host-Host
Protocol is discussed in the ARPANET section of the THINK website. |
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| I |
| ICCC - International Conference on Computer Communication |
| IMP - Interface Message Processor |
| IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| Indefinite Bit Stream - A method of transfer that terminates
only when the connection is closed and represents a single transaction
for the duration of the connection |
| Initial Connection Protocol (ICP) - The protocol used by the
TELNET protocol to make an initial connection to a specified server |
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| J |
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| K |
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| L |
| Local Byte Size - The number of bits used for the local system's
file storage representation, e.g. NVT-ASCII has different data storage
representations in different systems: PDP-10's generally store NVT-ASCII
as five 7-bit ASCII characters, left justified in a 36 bit word; 360's
store NVT-ASCII as 8-bit EBCDIC codes; and Multics stores NVT-ASCII as
four 9-bit characters in a 36-bit word. The local bytes would be 7, 8,
and 9, respectively. |
| Logical Blocking - A term focused around the grouping/blocking
of data messages over a transaction. The term is synonymous with transfer
modes. |
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| M |
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| Messages - Physical blocks of data communicated between NCP's
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| Mode of Transfer - The mode in which data is to be transferred
via the data connection. The mode defines the data format including End
Of File. |
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| N |
| NCC - Network Control Center - Set up to monitor the status of
the IMPs |
| NCP - Network Control Protocol - The first host to host protocol |
| NLS - Online System |
| NWG - Network Working Group |
| NVT - The Network Virtual Terminal as defined in the ARPANET
TELNET Protocol. NVT was a bi-directional character device, representing
characters as 7-bit ASCII codes, using an 8-bit field. |
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| O |
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| P |
| Pathname - Defined to be the character string which must be input
to a file system by a user in order to identify a file. Pathname normally
contains device and/or directory names, and file name specification. Each
user must follow the file naming conventions of the file systems he wishes
to use. |
| Print File - Presumably it is a file which is intended to be
sent (eventually) to a printer process to create a hard copy. Many operating
systems (particularly those which are batch-processing oriented) allow
the programmer to include control codes within a file to be printed, to
control the vertical format of the printed page--for example, single/double
line spacing, overprinting, and page ejection. A "print file"
is one which includes such vertical format control ("VFC") information.
[RFC 448] |
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| Q |
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| R |
| Receiver - The Host (user, server, or other) that is to receiver
the requested file. |
| Record - A sequential file may be structured as a number of contiguous
parts called records. Record structures are supported by FTP but are not
mandatory. |
| Reliability - error rate and failure rate |
| Reply - An acknowledgment (positive or negative) sent from the
server to the user via the telnet connections. The general form of a reply
is a completion code (including error codes) followed by an ASCII text
string. The codes are for use by programs and the text is for human users.
|
| RFC - Request For Comments |
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| S |
| Sender - The Host (user, server, or other) sending the requested
file. |
| Server-FTP process - A process or set of processes which perform
the function of file transfer in cooperation with a user-FTP process.
The server-FTP process must interpret and respond to user commands and
initiate the data connection. |
| Server site - A HOST site which has a server-FTP process. |
| Server Socket - This is commonly known as port in todays terminology. |
| Server-TELNET process - A TELNET process which listens on a specified
socket for an ICP initiated by a user-TELNET, and performs in accordance
with the ARPANET TELNET Protocol. |
| Simplex - This type of communication means that communication
can only flow in one direction and never flow back the other way. |
| Speed - real time delay and transmission rate |
| Sub-system - A system operating above the network level and is
thus used to distinguish between the network level and the Telnet process
built on top of the network level in early implementations. |
| System calls - Essentially an API mechanism allowing Telnet to
begin interfacing with the operating system |
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| T |
| TCP - Transmission Control Protocol. This protocol would replace
the Network Control Protocol, and allows for Internetworking. TCP splits
into TCP and IP, where TCP is the end to end process, and IP is the network
routing process. |
| Telnet Connection - The full-duplex communication path between
a user-TELNET and a server-TELNET. The TELNET connections are established
via the standard ARPANET Initial Connection Protocol (ICP). |
| Terminal - A terminal (sometimes qualified as a "dumb"
terminal) is an end-use device (usually with display monitor and keyboard)
with little or no software of its own that relies on a mainframe or another
computer for its "intelligence." In this case, the term is used
to mean any personal computer or user workstation that is hooked up to
the network |
| TIP - Terminal IMP - A device allowing direct terminal access
to the network. |
| Time-sharing computer - A system which allows mulitple-users
to run processes on a computer |
| Transaction Sequence - an entity of information communicated
between cooperating processes |
| Transfer Byte Size - The byte size specified for the transfer
of data. The data connection is opened with this byte size. Data connection
byte size is not necessarily the byte size in which data is to be stored
in a system, and may not be related to the structure of data. |
| Transparent Mode - A mode of transfer where transactions end
whenever a special escape sequence is encountered. It requires some type
of parsing of the data stream. |
| Type - The data representation type used for data transfer and
storage. Type implies certain transformations between the time of data
storage and data transfer. |
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| U |
| Usage - suitablility for various application and user classes
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| User - A process on behalf of a human being or a human being
wishing to obtain file transfer service. |
| User-FTP process - A process or set of processes which perform
the function of file transfer in cooperation with a server-FTP process. |
| User-TELNET process - A TELNET process which initiates ICP to
make a connection to a specified server-TELNET socket, and performs in
accordance with the ARPANET TELNET protocol. |
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| V |
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| W |
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| X |
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| Y |
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| Z |
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