::::::::::::::
datebook.master
::::::::::::::
Steve Blenheim:238-923-7366:95 Latham Lane, Easton, PA 83755:11/12/56:20300
Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI 23874:3/28/45:245700
Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Jon DeLoach:408-253-3122:123 Park St., San Jose, CA 04086:7/25/53:85100
Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
XXX Evich:284-758-2857:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92086:7/25/53:85100
XXX Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, DeLuth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900
Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Parak Lane, DeLuth, MN 23850:4/12/23:780900
Lori Gortz:327-832-5728:3465 Mirlo Street, Peabody, MA 34756:10/2/65:35200
Paco Gutierrez:835-365-1284:454 Easy Street, Decatur, IL 75732:2/28/53:123500
XXX Evich:284-758-2867:23 Edgecliff Place, Lincoln, NB 92743:11/3/35:58200
Ephram Hardy:293-259-5395:235 CarltonLane, Joliet, IL 73858:8/12/20:56700
Barbara Kertz:385-573-8326:832 Ponce  Drive, Gary, IN 83756:12/1/46:268500
James Ikeda:834-938-8376:23445 Aster Ave., Allentown, NJ 83745:12/1/38:45000
Lesley Kirstin:408-456-1234:4 Harvard Square, Boston, MA 02133:4/22/62:52600
William Kopf:846-836-2837:6937 Ware Road, Milton, PA 93756:9/21/46:43500
Jesse Neal:408-233-8971:45 Rose Terrace, San Francisco, CA 92303:2/3/36:25000
Zippy Pinhead:834-823-8319:2356 Bizarro Ave., Farmount, IL 84357:1/1/67:89500
Arthur Putie:923-835-8745:23 Wimp Lane, Kensington, DL 38758:8/31/69:126000
Popeye Sailor:156-454-3322:945 Bluto Street, Anywhere, USA 29358:3/19/35:22350
Jose Santiago:385-898-8357:38 Fife Way, Abilene, TX 39673:1/5/58:95600
Sir Lancelot:837-835-8257:474 Camelot Boulevard, Bath, WY 28356:5/13/69:24500
Tommy Savage:408-724-0140:1222 Oxbow Court, Sunnyvale, CA 94087:5/19/66:34200
Yukio Takeshida:387-827-1095:13 Uno Lane, Ashville, NC 23556:7/1/29:57000
Vinh Tranh:438-910-7449:8235 Maple Street, Wilmington, VM 29085:9/23/63:68900
::::::::::::::
emp.names
::::::::::::::
Steve Blenheim
Betty Boop
Igor Chevsky
Norma Cord
Jon DeLoach
Karen Evich
::::::::::::::
emp.names2
::::::::::::::
1 Steve Blenheim
2 Betty Boop
3 Igor Chevsky
4 Norma Cord
5 Jon DeLoach
6 Karen Evich
::::::::::::::
example1
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Scalar, array, and hash assignment
$salary=50000;#Scalar assignment
@months=('Mar', 'Apr', 'May'); # Array assignment
%states= (# Hash assignment
CA => 'California',
ME => 'Maine',
MT => 'Montana',
NM => 'New Mexico',
);
print "$salary\n";
print "@months\n";
print "$months[0], $months[1], $months[2]\n";
print "$states{CA}, $states{NM}\n";
print $x + 3, "\n";# $x just came to life!
print "***$name***\n";# $name is born!
::::::::::::::
example10
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

$name="Tommy";
undef $name;
print "OK \n" if defined $name;
::::::::::::::
example11
::::::::::::::
#! /bin/sh

perl -ne 'print' emp.names
echo
perl -ne 'print $_' emp.names
::::::::::::::
example12
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

@name=("Guy", "Tom", "Dan", "Roy");
@list=(2..10);
@grades=(100, 90, 65, 96, 40, 75);
@items=($a, $b, $c);
@empty=();
$size=@items;
@mammals = qw/dogs cats cows/;
@fruit = qw(apples pears peaches);
::::::::::::::
example13
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

$indexsize=$#grades;
$#grades=3;
$#grades=$[ - 1;
@grades=();
::::::::::::::
example14
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

@digits=(0 .. 10);
@letters=( 'A' .. 'Z' );
@alpha=( 'A' .. 'Z', 'a' .. 'z' );
@n=( -5 .. 20 );
::::::::::::::
example15
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Populating an array and printing its values
@names=('John', 'Joe', 'Jake'); # @names=qw/John Joe Jake/;
print @names, "\n"; # prints without the separator
print "Hi $names[0], $names[1], and $names[2]!\n";
$number=@names; # The scalar is assigned the number
# of elements in the array
print "There are $number elements in the \@names array.\n";
print "The last element of the array is $names[$number - 1].\n";
print "The last element of the array is $names[$#names].\n";
# Remember, the array index starts at zero!!
@fruit = qw(apples pears peaches plums);
print "The first element of the \@fruit array is $fruit[0]; the second element is $fruit[1].\n";
print "Starting at the end of the array: @fruit[-1, -3]\n";
::::::::::::::
example16
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Array slices
@names=('Tom', 'Dick', 'Harry', 'Pete' );
@pal=@names[1,2,3]; # slice -- @names[1..3] also O.K.
print "@pal\n\n";
($friend[0], $friend[1], $friend[2])=@names; # Array slice
print "@friend\n";
::::::::::::::
example17
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Array slices
@colors=('red','green','yellow','orange');
($c[0], $c[1],$c[3], $c[5])=@colors; # The slice
print "**********\n";
print @colors,"\n"; # prints entire array, but does
# not separate elements
print "@colors,\n"; # quoted, prints the entire array with
# elements separated
print "**********\n";
print $c[0]."\n"; # red
print $c[1],"\n"; # green
print $c[2],"\n"; # undefined
print $c[3],"\n"; # yellow
print $c[4],"\n"; # undefined
print $c[5],"\n"; # orange
print "**********\n" ;
print "The size of the \@c array is ", $#c + 1,".\n";
::::::::::::::
example18
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# A two-dimensional array consisting of 4 rows and 3 columns.
@matrix=( [ 3 , 4, 10 ], # Each row is an unnamed list
	  [ 2, 7, 12 ],
	  [ 0, 3, 4 ],
	  [ 6, 5, 9 ],
) ;
print "@matrix\n";
print "Row 0, column 0 is $matrix[0][0].\n";
# can also be written - $matrix[0]->[0]
print "Row 1, column 0 is $matrix[1][0].\n";
# can also be written - $matrix[1]->[0]
for($i=0; $i < 4; $i++){
    for($x=0; $x < 3; $x++){
	print "$matrix[$i][$x] ";
    }
    print "\n";
}::::::::::::::
example19
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# An list of lists.
@record=( "Adams", [2, 1, 0, 0],
"Edwards", [1, 0, 3, 2],
"Howard", [3 ,3 ,2,0 ],
);
print "In the first game $record[0] batted $record[1]->[0].\n";
print "In the first game $record[2] batted $record[3]->[0].\n";
print "In the first game $record[4] batted $record[5]->[0].\n";
::::::::::::::
example2
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Double quotes
$num=5;
print "The number is $num.\n";
print "I need \$5.00.\n";
print "\t\tI can't help you.\n";
::::::::::::::
example20
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

%seasons=(Sp=>'Spring', Su=>'Summer', F=>'Fall', W=> 'Winter');
%days=('Mon'=> 'Monday'=>'Tue'=>'Tuesday' =>'Wed',);
$days{'Wed'}="Wednesday";
$days{5}="Friday";
::::::::::::::
example21
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Assigning keys and values to a hash
%department = (
    Eng => 'Engineering', # Eng is the key,
    # Engineering is the value
    M => 'Math',
    S => 'Science',
    CS => 'Computer Science',
    Ed => 'Education',
);
$department = $department{'M'};
$school = $department{'Ed'};
print "I work in the $department section\n" ;
print "Funds in the $school department are being cut.\n";
print qq/I'm currently enrolled in a $department{CS} course.\n/;
print qq/The department associative array looks like this:\n/;
print %department, "\n"; #The printout is not in the expected order due to internal hashing
::::::::::::::
example22
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Hash slices
%officer= ( NAME=>"Tom Savage",
	    SSN=>"510-222-3456",
	    DOB=>"05/19/66"
);
@info=qw(Marine Captain 50000);
@officer{'BRANCH', 'TITLE', 'SALARY'}=@info;
# This is a hash slice
@sliceinfo=@officer{'NAME','BRANCH','TITLE'};
# This is also a hash slice
print "The new values from the hash slice are: @sliceinfo\n\n";
print "The hash now looks like this:\n";
foreach $key ('NAME', 'SSN', 'DOB', 'BRANCH', 'TITLE', 'SALARY'){
    printf "Key: %-10sValue: %-15s\n", $key, $officer{$key};
}
::::::::::::::
example23
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Nested hashes
#           values
#           keys         key     value key     value
%students=( Math    => { Joe =>  100,  Joan => 95 },
            Science => { Bill => 85,   Dan =>  76 }
);
print "On the math test Joan got ";
print qq/$students{Math}->{Joan}.\n/;
print "On the science test Bill got ";
print qq/$students{Science}->{Bill}.\n/;
::::::::::::::
example24
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Anonymous arrays as keys in a hash
%grades=(Math => [ 90, 100, 94 ],
Science => [ 77, 87, 86 ],
English => [ 65, 76, 99, 100 ],
);
print %grades, "\n";
print "The third math grade is: $grades{Math}->[2]\n";
print "All of the science grades are: @{$grades{Science}}\n";
::::::::::::::
example25
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# An array of hashes
@stores=( { Boss =>"Ari Goldberg",
            Employees => 24,
       	    Registers => 10,
            Sales => 15000.00,
	  },
          { Boss =>"Ben Chien",
            Employees => 12,
            Registers => 5,
            Sales => 3500.00,
	  },
);

print "The number of elements in the array: ",
	$#stores + 1, "\n"; # The number of the last subscript + 1
for($i=0; $i< $#stores + 1; $i++){
    print $stores[$i]->{"Boss"},"\n"; # Accessing an element of the array
    print $stores[$i]->{"Employees"},"\n";
    print $stores[$i]->{"Registers"},"\n";
    print $stores[$i]->{"Sales"},"\n";
    print "-" x 20 ,"\n";
}
::::::::::::::
example26
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Getting a line of input from the keyboard.
print "What is your name? ";
$name = <STDIN>;
print "What is your father's name? ";
$paname=<>;
print "Hello respected one, $paname";
::::::::::::::
example27
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Getting rid of the trailing newline. Use chomp instead of chop.
print "Hello there, and what is your name? ";
$name = <STDIN>;
print "$name is a very high class name.\n";
chop($name); # Removes the last character no matter what it is.
print "$name is a very high class name.\n\n";
chop($name);
print "$name has been chopped a little too much.\n";
print "What is your age? ";
chomp($age=<STDIN>); # Removes the last character if
# it is the newline.
chomp($age); # The last character is not removed
# unless a newline
print "For $age, you look so young!\n";
::::::::::::::
example28
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Reading input in a requested number of bytes
print "Describe your favorite food in 10 bytes or less.\n";
print "If you type less than 10 characters, press Ctrl-d on a line by itself.\n";
$number=read(STDIN, $favorite, 10);
print "You just typed: $favorite\n";
print "The number of bytes read was $number.\n";
::::::::::::::
example29
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Getting only one character of input
print "Answer y or n ";
$answer=getc; # Gets one character from stdin
$restofit=<>; # What remains in the input buffer is assigned $restofit.
print "$answer\n";
print "The characters left in the input buffer were: $restofit\n";
::::::::::::::
example3
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Single quotes
print 'I need $100.00.', "\n";
print 'The string literal, \t, is used to represent a tab.',
"\n";
print 'She cried, "Help me!"', "\n";
::::::::::::::
example30
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Assigning input to an array
print "Tell me everything about yourself.\n ";
@all = <STDIN>;
print "@all";
print "The number of elements in the array are: ", $#all + 1,
".\n";
print "The first element of the array is:
$all[0]";
::::::::::::::
example31
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Assign input to a hash
$course_number=101;
print "What is the name of course 101?";
chomp($course{$course_number} = <STDIN>);
print %course, "\n";
::::::::::::::
example32
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Chopping and chomping a list
@line=("red", "green", "orange");
chop(@line); # chops the last character off each
# string in the list
print "@line\n";
@line=( "red", "green", "orange");
chomp(@line); # chomps the newline off each string in the list
print "@line\n";
::::::::::::::
example33
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl
@names = qw(Tom Raul Steve Jon);
print "Hello $names[1]\n", if exists $names[1];
print "Out of range!\n", if not exists $names[5];
::::::::::::::
example34
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Searching for patterns in a list
@list = (tomatoes, tomorrow, potatoes, phantom, Tommy);
$count = grep( /tom/i, @list);
@items= grep( /tom/i, @list);
print "Found items: @items\nNumber found: $count\n";
::::::::::::::
example35
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Joining each elements of a list with colons
$name="Joe Blow";
$birth="11/12/86";
$address="10 Main St.";
print join(":", $name, $birth, $address ), "\n";
::::::::::::::
example36
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Joining each element of a list with a newline
@names=('Dan','Dee','Scotty','Liz','Tom');
@names=join("\n", sort(@names));
print @names,"\n";
::::::::::::::
example37
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Mapping a list to an expression
@list=(0x53,0x77,0x65,0x64,0x65,0x6e,012);
@words = map chr, @list;
print @words;
@n = (2, 4, 6, 8);
@n = map $_ * 2 + 6, @n;
print "@n\n";
::::::::::::::
example38
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Map using a block
open(FH, "datebook.master") or die;
@lines=<FH>;
@fields = map { split(":") } @lines;
foreach $field (@fields){
    print $field,"\n";
}
::::::::::::::
example39
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Removing an element from the end of a list
@names=("Bob", "Dan", "Tom", "Guy");
print "@names\n";
$got = pop(@names); # pops off last element of the array
print "$got\n";
print "@names\n";
::::::::::::::
example4
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Backquotes and command substitution
print "The date is ", `date` ; # Win32 users: `date /T`
print "The date is `date`", ".\n"; # Back quotes will be treated as literals
$directory=`pwd`; # Win32 users: `cd`
print "\nThe current directory is $directory.";
::::::::::::::
example40
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Adding elements to the end of a list
@names=("Bob", "Dan", "Tom", "Guy");
push(@names, Jim, Joseph, Archie);
print "@names \n";
::::::::::::::
example41
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Removing elements from front of a list
@names=("Bob", "Dan", "Tom", "Guy");
$ret = shift @names;
print "@names\n";
print "The item shifted is $ret.\n";
::::::::::::::
example42
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Splicing out elements of a list
@colors=(red, green, purple, blue, brown);
print "The original array is @colors\n";
@discarded = splice(@colors, 2, 2);
print "The elements removed after the splice are: @discarded.\n";
print "The spliced array is now @colors.\n";
::::::::::::::
example43
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Splicing and replacing elements of a list
@colors=(red, green, purple, blue, brown);
print "The original array is @colors\n";
@lostcolors=splice(@colors, 2, 3, yellow, orange);
print "The removed items are @lostcolors\n";
print "The spliced array is now @colors\n";
::::::::::::::
example44
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Splitting a scalar on whitespace and creating a list
$line="a b c d e";
@letter=split(' ',$line);
print "The first letter is $letter[0]\n";
print "The second letter is $letter[1]\n";
::::::::::::::
example45
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Splitting up $_
while(<DATA>){
    @line=split(":");
    print "$line[0]\n";
}

__DATA__
Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI 23874:3/28/45:245700
Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Park Lane, Duluth, MN 23850:4/12/23:78900
::::::::::::::
example46
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Splitting up $_ and creating an unnamed list
while(<DATA>){
    ($name,$phone,$address,$bd,$sal)=split(":");
    print "$name\t $phone\n" ;
}

__DATA__
Betty Boop:245-836-8357:635 Cutesy Lane, Hollywood, CA 91464:6/23/23:14500
Igor Chevsky:385-375-8395:3567 Populus Place, Caldwell, NJ 23875:6/18/68:23400
Norma Corder:397-857-2735:74 Pine Street, Dearborn, MI 23874:3/28/45:245700
Jennifer Cowan:548-834-2348:583 Laurel Ave., Kingsville, TX 83745:10/1/35:58900
Fred Fardbarkle:674-843-1385:20 Park Lane, Duluth, MN 23850:4/12/23:78900
::::::::::::::
example47
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Many ways to split a scalar to create a list
$string= "Joe Blow:11/12/86:10 Main St.:Boston, MA:02530";
@line=split(":", $string); # the string delimiter is a colon
print @line,"\n";
print "The guy's name is $line[0].\n";
print "The birthday is $line[1].\n\n";
@str=split(":", $string, 2);
print $str[0],"\n"; # the first element of the array
print $str[1],"\n"; # the rest of the array because limit is 2
print $str[2],"\n"; # nothing is printed
@str=split(":", $string); # Limit not stated will be one more
# than total number of fields
print $str[0],"\n";
print $str[1],"\n";
print $str[2],"\n";
print $str[3],"\n";
print $str[4],"\n";
print $str[5],"\n";
( $name, $birth, $address )=split(":", $string);
# limit is implicitly 4, one more than
# the number of fields specified
print $name , "\n";
print $birth,"\n";
print $address,"\n";
::::::::::::::
example48
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Sorting a list
@string=(4.5, x, 68, a, B, c, 10, 1000, 1);
@string_sort=sort(@string);
print "@string_sort\n";
sub numeric { $a <=> $b ; }
@number_sort=sort numeric 1000, -22.5, 10, 55, 0;
print "@number_sort\n";a
::::::::::::::
example49
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Sorting numbers with an unamed subroutine
@sorted_numbers= sort {$a <=> $b} (3,4,1,2);
print "The sorted numbers are: @sorted_numbers", ".\n";
::::::::::::::
example5
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Using alternative quotes
print 'She cried, "I can\'t help you!"',"\n"; # Clumsy
print qq/She cried, "I can't help you!" \n/; # qq for double quotes
print qq/I need $5.00\n/; # Really need single quotes for a literal dollar sign to print
print q/I need $5.00\n/; # What about backslash interpretation?
print qq/\n/, q/I need $5.00/,"\n";
print q!I need $5.00!,"\n";
print "The present working directory is ", `pwd`;
print qq/Today is /, qx/date/;
print "The hour is ", qx{date +%H};
::::::::::::::
example50
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Reversing the elements of an array
@names=("Bob", "Dan", "Tom", "Guy");
print "@names \n";
@reversed=reverse(@names),"\n";
print "@reversed\n";
::::::::::::::
example51
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Putting new elements at the front of a list
@names=(Jody, Bert, Tom) ;
unshift(@names, Liz, Daniel);
print "@names\n";
::::::::::::::
example52
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# The keys function and a hash
%weekday= (
    '1'=> 'Monday',
    '2'=>'Tuesday',
    '3'=>'Wednesday',
    '4'=>'Thursday',
    '5'=>'Friday',
    '6'=>'Saturday',
    '7'=>'Sunday',
);

foreach $key ( keys(%weekday) ) {print "$key ";}
print "\n";
foreach $key ( sort keys(%weekday) ) {print "$key ";}
print "\n";
::::::::::::::
example53
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# The values function and a hash
%weekday= (
'1'=> 'Monday',
'2'=>'Tuesday',
'3'=>'Wednesday',
'4'=>'Thursday',
'5'=>'Friday',
'6'=>'Saturday',
'7'=>'Sunday',
);
foreach $value ( values(%weekday)){print "$value ";}
print "\n";
::::::::::::::
example54
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl
#
# Example of using each function in Associative Arrays
#
%weekday=(
    'Mon' => 'Monday',
    'Tue' => 'Tuesday',
    'Wed' => 'Wednesday',
    'Thu' => 'Thursday',
    'Fri' => 'Friday',
    'Sat' => 'Saturday',
    'Sun' => 'Sunday',
);

while(($key,$value)=each(%weekday)){
    print "$key = $value\n";
}
::::::::::::::
example55
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl
%employees=("Nightwatchman" => "Joe Blow",
	    "Janitor" => "Teddy Plunger",
	    "Clerk" => "Sally Olivetti",
);

$layoff=delete $employees{"Janitor"};
print "We had to let $layoff go.\n";
print "Our remaining staff includes: ";
print "\n";
while(($key, $value)=each(%employees)){
    print "$key: $value\n";
}

::::::::::::::
example56
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl
%employees=( "Nightwatchman" => "Joe Blow",
"Janitor" => "Teddy Plunger",
"Clerk" => "Sally Olivetti",
);
print "The Nightwatchman exists.\n" if exists
$employees{"Nightwatchman"};
print "The Clerk exists.\n" if exists $employees{"Clerk"};
print "The Boss does not exist.\n" if ! exists
$employees{"Boss"};
::::::::::::::
example57
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Loading an Associative Array from a file.
open(NAMES,"emp.names2") || die "Can't open emp.names2: $!\n";
while(<NAMES>){
    ( $num, $name )= split(' ', $_, 2);
    $realid{$num} = $name;
}

close NAMES;

while(1){
    print "Please choose a number from the list of names? ";
    chomp($num=<STDIN>);
    last unless $num;
    print $realid{$num},"\n";
}
::::::::::::::
example58
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

foreach $key (keys(%ENV)) {
    print "$key\n";
}

print "\nYour login name $ENV{'LOGNAME'}\n";
$pwd=$ENV{'PWD'};
print "\n", $pwd, "\n";
::::::::::::::
example59
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl
sub handler {
    local($sig) = @_; # first argument is signal name
    print "Caught SIG$sig -- shutting down\n";
    exit(0);
}

$SIG{'INT'} = 'handler'; # Catch ^C
print "Here I am!\n";
sleep(10);
$SIG{'INT'}='DEFAULT';
::::::::::::::
example6
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

$number=150;
$name="Jody Savage";
::::::::::::::
example7
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

$var="net";
print "${var}work\n";
::::::::::::::
example8
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

# Initializing scalars and printing their values
$num = 5;
$friend = "John Smith";
$money = 125.75;
$now = `date`; # Backquotes for command substitution
$month="Jan";
print "$num\n";
print "$friend\n";
print "I need \$$money.\n"; # Protecting our money
print qq/$friend gave me \$$money.\n/;
print qq/The time is $now/;
print "The month is ${month}uary.\n"; # Curly braces shield the variable
::::::::::::::
example9
::::::::::::::
#! /usr/bin/perl

$name="Tommy";
print "OK \n" if defined $name;
::::::::::::::
input26
::::::::::::::
Isabel
Nick
::::::::::::::
input27
::::::::::::::
Joe Smith
25
::::::::::::::
input28
::::::::::::::
apple pie and ice cream
::::::::::::::
input29
::::::::::::::
yessirreebob
::::::::::::::
input30
::::::::::::::
O.K. Let's see I was born before computers.
I grew up in the 50s.
I was in the hippie generation.
I'm starting to get bored with talking about myself.
::::::::::::::
input31
::::::::::::::
Linux Administration
::::::::::::::
input57
::::::::::::::
1
4
5
2
6
8
3