Some Ongoing KBS/Ontology Projects and Groups
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If you are working on or know of
related work not mentioned here, please email me
(peter.e.clark@boeing.com).
Other useful Ontology and KR collections include:
Knowledge-Base Projects, Groups, and Related Material
-
Algernon - (Univ. Texas at Austin).
A frame-based knowledge representation
language using access-limited logic for inference. New for 2003:
Algernon in Java!
- AOS - The Agricultural Ontology Service. A federated clearinghouse
for terms, definitions and relationships in the agricultural
and related domains for use by the agricultural community.
(Kickoff meeting to be held in November 2001).
- ARPI -
The DARPA/Rome Laboratory Planning and
Scheduling Initiative (now finished). Research in planning systems.
The ontology group (within this) aims to design an ontology
to enable knowledge sharing between the collaborating groups, and
ultimately between computer systems directly.
- AskJeeves -
A question-answering Web search engine.
- The Air Traffic Services (aviation) Ontology, part of a larger
knowledge management program by the FAA.
- BSR -
The Basic Semantic Repository (Developed to support the EDI efforts,
is "an internationally agreed register of multilingual data
concepts").
- The BRICO Ontology -
combines WordNet, Roget's Thesaurus, and the top-level
of the Cyc ontology (MIT Media Lab).
- WordsEye - a Natural Language Understanding system that converts English text into three-dimensional scenes that represent that text.
- The Buffalo Ontology Site -
Pointers to the philosophy, history, and some computational work
in ontologies.
- BPMO - The Business Process Management Ontology -
an integrated information model which helps to better align IT
with business, bringing together business process design,
project management, requirements management, and business
performance management (from
Jenz & Partner, GmBH).
- Carter - (Postscript paper).
A (now defunct) tool for assisting
experts in agreeing on what should go into a consensus
knowledge base. This paper was eventually published as:
Trice A, Davis R, "Heuristics for reconciling independent knowledge bases",
Information Systems Research, 4 (3), pp262-288, Sept 1993.
- The Cell Cycle Ontology -
An integrated ontology of cell cycle knowledge, in OBO and OWL
(Computational Biology Division, VIB/Ghent University, Belgium).
- Cerebra -
A Description Logic
reasoner which provides a way for applications to understand each other.
"This may come as a surprise to some other software companies..."
(from Network Inference).
- Chimaera
- a software system that supports users in creating an maintaining ontologies,
in particular merging
multiple ontologies together and
diagnosing individual or multiple ontologies (KSL, Stanford).
-
CIA World Factbook - a popular
resource for building a world-savvy KB.
- CKML -
Conceptual Knowledge Markup Language.
An application of XML and an extension of
OML.
(Also see white paper on CKML).
- CLASSIC
(AT&T Labs, NJ) - a description logic.
- CLIPS -
A public domain, expert system shell written in C. Also see the
(non-public-domain) successor JESS.
- CODE4 -
A graphical knowledge-base editor and knowledge management tool,
from the
Language Analysis and Knowledge Engineering Lab (LAKE),
Univ. Ottawa, Canada.
- CommonSense Reasoning - See
the Common Sense Problem Page, and
Proc 4th Symp on CommonSense Reasoning. Also
see Cyc, OpenMind, and
PDKB.
- The
Common Sense Problem Page - A list of benchmark problems in
commonsense reasoning.
- CommonKADS - A comprehensive knowledge engineering methodology. See also:
- Free University
Brussels - older summary of KADS
- KEML -
Knowledge Engineering Methods and Languages. A mailing list and
publication archive which evolved from the KADS project.
- Integral Solutions Ltd -
development of AI/KBS tools, including sale and support of the
CommonKADS WorkBench, and involvement in the KACTUS project.
- Common Logic
(CL) Standard - a new (2003) attempt to define a (ISO) standard language and
semantics for use in Ontology and Knowledge Engineering. Also see earlier
work on KIF.
- Common Logic Controlled English - a formal language with an English-like syntax
(by John Sowa).
- The Component Library (CLib) - a knowledge base of formally represented,
general, domain-independent concepts (Univ Texas at Austin), represented
in the KM knowledge representation language.
- ConceptNet -
A freely available commonsense knowledge base and natural language processing
toolkit, generated automatically from the 700,000 sentences (as of 2004) of the
Open Mind Common Sense Project.
- Concept Maps -
A graphical notation for organizing and representing knowledge in an informal
way. Also see this introduction to Concept Maps.
For some examples, see the IHMC CMap
Tools page (view with Internet Explorer) and the
Graphic Organizer Concept
Maps page. Also see Topic Maps and
Mind Maps.
- Conceptual Dependency - A summary
of Roger Schank's conceptual primitives for representing simple sentences.
- Conceptual Grammar (TM) -
A hierarchical knowledge base management system (KBMS) bundled with the
VisualText (R) integrated development environment (IDE) and NLP++ (R)
programming language (from
Text Analysis International).
- Conceptual Graphs -
Researchers using Peirce/Sowa's
conceptual graphs theory for knowledge representation.
Also (non-computer-related) on Peirce:
-
PEIRCE-L - An email discussion forum on
Peirce's Philosophy.
- PORT -
The Peirce On-line Resource Testbed: a massive
effort to make Peirce's 100,000 pages of hand-written manuscripts
available world-wide.
- Contexts -
Univ. Maine's collection of pointers.
- Controlled Languages - Rolf Schwitter's collection of pointers.
- CPR -
Core Plan Representation. A planning ontology which supports the representation
needs of many different planning systems, designed to facilitate information
sharing and the creation of common planning services.
- CRACK -
A description logic with an on-line, Web-based interface
(from IRST, Italy).
- CYC -
A massive ongoing effort to formalize
common-sense knowledge. An open source version is now available as
OpenCyc, including (parts of) the
ontology, axioms, inference engine, and knowledge acquisition tools.
Also see the CYC
FAQ,
and Jorn Barger's collection of
Cyc
resources on the Web.
- CycL - the
representation language of
CYC.
- DAML - DARPA Agent Markup Language.
A DARPA program to develop a language and tools to facilitate the concept of the
semantic web.
- DAML-S - The DAML Services ontology for specifying Web-based
services (e.g., for ecommerce applications).
- The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort -
See Knowledge Sharing Effort (DARPA).
- Description Logics. Also
see Enrico Franconi's excellent
course and
overheads on DLs, and the DL systems
Cerebra,
CLASSIC,
CRACK.
DLP,
FaCT,
GRAIL,
KRIS,
LOOM,
PowerLOOM, and
RACER. Also see the
Description Logic
Handbook.
-
Design Patterns - Repository of reusable, object-oriented
programming abstractions.
- Dictionaries - Stauffer Library's collection of pointers to on-line dictionaries.
- DLML -
A Description Logic Markup Language (Jerome Euzenat, INRIA, France)
- DLP,
a Description Logic System (Bell Labs).
- DOLCE - a Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic
and Cognitive Engineering, from the
Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA), Italy. See
here for
publications about DOLCE.
- ECOR - the European Centre for Ontological Research (Saarland University, Germany)
- The eHealth Ontology Project - promoting ways in which in which scientific methods in ontology can bring benefits to healthcare (by a partnership of IFOMIS, ECOR, and RIDE).
- Electronic Lexical Knowledge Base - software for accessing and exploring Roget's thesaurus, including tools for detecting lexical chains; calculating semantic distance; and clustering words.
- eMystics.org - the world's
first ontology of Vedic wisdom.
- The Enterprise Ontology - a collection of terms and definitions
relevant to business enterprises (AIAI, Edinburgh, UK).
- EPILOG -
(Episodic Logic). Len Schubert et al.'s knowledge representation language,
for use in natural language processing.
-
Evaluation Methods for Knowledge Engineering -
Lots of useful information.
- EXPECT -
an environment for developing knowledge-based systems that includes
knowledge acquisition tools to extend and modify KBs (ISI, Los Angeles).
- FaCT -
An optimized, tableaux-based DL (Ian Horrocks, Manchester, UK)
- F-Logic -
A novel formalism that accounts in a clean and declarative fashion
for most of the structural aspects of object-oriented and frame-based
languages.
- FLORA -
An object-oriented KB language and application development platform.
The programming language supported by FLORA is a dialect of
F-logic with numerous extensions, which include a
natural way to do meta-programming in the style of HiLog and logical
updates in the style of Transaction Logic.
- FLORID - A deductive,
object-oriented database system employing
F-logic as data definition and query language;
FLORID has been extended for handling semistructured data in the
context of Information Integration from the Web.
- FrameNet -
"an online lexical resource for English". Contains an extensive,
semantic analysis of verbs and their case-frame representations.
Also see (independent project) WordNet.
- FreeBase - "an open shared database of the world's knowledge," and "a massive, collaboratively-edited database of cross-linked data." Developed by MetaWeb Technologies.
- Functional Representation
and Reasoning Community - Some pointers.
- GandrKB -
(Gene Annotation Data Representation KB, available free of charge) -
an ontological framework for laboratory-specific gene annotation.
Gandr uses Protege 2000 for editing, querying, and visualizing
microarray data and annotations. Genes can be annotated with provided,
newly created, or imported ontological concepts. Annotated genes can
inherit assigned concept-properties and can be related to each other.
The resulting knowledgebase can be visualized as interactive network of
nodes and edges representing genes and their functional relationships.
(Daniel Schober, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany)
- The Gene Ontology (GO) -
a controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all organisms even as
knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and
changing.
- Generalized Ontological Language (GOL) - see GOL.
- GALEN -
Generalized Architecture for Languages,
Encyclopedias and Nomenclatures in Medicine. GALEN is a
medical terminology server for supporting the development of
clinical coding schemes, built using the
description logic GRAIL.
- The
Generalized Upper Model -- a
linguistically motivated ontology that supports NL processing;
a multilingual outgrowth of the Penman Upper Model.
- The Generic Frame Protocol
- not a language, but a standardized set of low-level access
functions for frame-based KR systems. GFP has been recently renamed
as OKBC
(The Open knowledge Base Connectivity Protocol).
- The
Generic Knowledge-Base Editor -
a graphical KB editor, implemented in Lisp+CLIM, from SRI.
Supports the
Generic Frame
Protocol.
- GOL - General Ontological Language - A formal
framework for building and representing ontologies. GOL provides a library
of top-level ontologies which can be used as a framework for building more
specific ontologies. (Univ. Leipzig, Germany).
- GRAIL - a Description Logic. Used in the
GALEN and TAMBIS
projects.
- GT
- The Generic Task Toolkit. Chandrasekaren et
al., Lab for AI Research, Ohio State Univ. A kit of domain-independent,
method-specific, composable tools from which expert systems can be
constructed.
- Halo - a
long-term, knowledge-based research program aimed at developing
inference-capable applications which can acquire knowledge directly
from domain experts, answer novel questions, and solve advanced problems
in a broad range of scientific disciplines (Vulcan Inc.).
- HIRO - the Health Incident and Reporting Ontology, developed by
the company Language and Computing.
- HOMER - An "intelligent agent" integrating many aspects of AI,
operating in a (simulated) microworld for unmanned submarines.
- HowNet - An on-line, common-sense KB
for multilingual Natural Language Processing. It contains inter-conceptual relations
and inter-attribute relations as connoted in Chinese lexicons and their English equivalents.
(Also see this overview).
- HPKB -
DARPA's High-Perforance Knowledge Base program, an initiative
in constructing large-scale, knowledge-based systems. This
program finished in 2000, with the follow-up RKF
program now underway.
-
HTW - The How Things Work project at Stanford;
use of a KB and interactive explanation facilities (through WWW) to
assist understand/manage/etc. engineered products.
- IBROW3 - An intelligent brokering service for knowledge-component reuse
on the world-wide web
(an Esprit project).
- ICOM - A
CASE tool for Intelligent Conceptual Modeling (Univ Manchester, UK)..
It includes handling of multiple E-R diagrams,
and logical specification verification.
- IEEE Standard Upper Ontology (SUO) Working Group -
see Standard Upper Ontology (SUO) Working
Group.
- IFOMIS -
The Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science (Saarland University, Germany).
-
Ikarus - an experimental, Web-based knowledge management
system (from
LAKE,
Univ Ottawa, Canada).
- Inference Engines: See Languages
and Inference Engines for knowledge representation
- InfoQuilt - A research project that support human-directed
knowledge discovery in a multi-ontology, multi-agent environment.
- Internet Business Logic -
Writing and running English business rules with unlimited vocabulary, using a browser.
Automatic generation and execution of SQL. (from Reengineering LLC).
-
Internet Medical Terminology Resources
- IRST - Knowledge
Representation and Reasoning Group (Povo, Italy)
- JESS -
Java Expert System Shell. JESS is a rule engine and scripting environment,
originally inspired by the CLIPS expert system
shell.
-
JOE - Java Ontology Editor (Center for IT, Univ South
Carolina). Based on entity-Relation diagrams. Will read ontologies
stored in KIF format.
- KA2 - The Knowledge Annotation Initiative by (and of) the Knowledge Acquisition Community:
-
KACTUS - An interactive environment for browsing, editing and managing
ontologies (Univ Amsterdam).
- KADS: See CommonKADS.
- KAON -
The KArlsruhe ONtology and Semantic Web infrastructure,
an open-source ontology management infrastructure
targeted for business applications. It includes
a comprehensive tool suite allowing easy ontology
creation and management, as well as building ontology-based
applications.
- KAW -
Knowledge Aquisition Mailing List.
- Knowledge Acquisition Tools: See
EXPECT,
Shaken,
and additional systems under
Ontology Building Tools.
- KIF -
Knowledge Interchange Format: A proposed, logic-based format for
exchanging knowledge between computer programs (more details
here).
Also see the newer effort on the
ISO Common Logic standard.
- KM -
A frame-based knowledge knowledge representation language used
by the
Knowledge Representation
Group at Univ Texas at
Austin.
-
The Knowledge Sharing Effort (DARPA)
and related work.
A large, collaborative project to research and promote
knowledge-base reuse.
- Ontology
editor - log in and select the ontology editor to view/create
Ontolingua ontologies.
-
email archive (email exchanges)
- KIF -
Knowledge Interchange Format: A proposed, logic-based format for
exchanging knowledge between computer programs.
- Stanford Ontology
Editor - log in and select the ontology editor to view/create
Ontolingua ontologies.
- Knowledge Systems Group -
Univ Sydney, Australia. Research in belief revision.
- KOMET
- A text generation system producing connected, natural
language texts in multiple languages. Uses the
Generalized Upper Model ontology, a multilingual outgrowth of
the Penman Upper Model.
- KRIS -
a description logic (
German Research Center for AI, GmbH)
-
KRSL - Knowledge Representation Specification Language.
Part of ARPI
(DARPA/Rome Planning Initiative).
- KSL -
Stanford's Knowledge Systems Lab; doing extensive,
pionering research in knowledge representation,
reuse, and sharing.
- Laboratory for
Applied Ontology (Italy) - a new (2002) laboratory resulting
from the fusion of two former groups LADSEB-CNR and ITBM-CNR.
-
Language Analysis and Knowledge Engineering Lab (LAKE),
Univ. Ottawa, Canada.
- CODE4 -
A frame-based Knowledge Management system for various applications
(especially linguistics/terminology)
-
Ikarus - an experimental, Web-based knowledge management
system.
-
ClearTalk - An English-like, formal language for expressing
information.
- Language and Computing - A technology company active in healthcare and pharmaceuticals, developing solutions combining Natural Language Processing and the use of ontologies.
The company has developed an expansive medical knowledge base called
LinKBase, and is developing
HIRO,
the Health Incident and Reporting Ontology.
- Languages and Inference Engines for
Knowledge Representation:
- For description logic languages, see
Description Logics.
- For conceptual graph tools, see
Conceptual Graphs.
- For other languages, see
Algernon,
CycL,
EPILOG,
F-Logic,
KM,
and
SNePS.
- In addition, the theorem proving/
automated reasoning community have developed numerous theorem provers
operating on representations expressed in standard first-order logic syntax
(e.g., see here).
-
LIFE - (Logic, Inheritance, Functions, Equations).
A programming language with some powerful mechanisms for
KB construction (no longer supported).
- LinKBase,
an expansive medical knowledge base developed by the company
Language and Computing
- LOOM -
a description logic (ISI, CA). Also see its successor
PowerLOOM, and Bob MacGregor's
Retrospective on LOOM
- The Ontosaurus - a Web-based interface to LOOM.
- ON9 -
The ontology library at
the Laboratory for Applied Ontology (Italy),
developed using the
ONIONS methodology and implemented in LOOM.
-
SHELTER - "SHELTER is intended to offer an
environment for collaborative, team development of large knowledge based
systems in a manner facilitating sharing and reuse.". Uses LOOM as
it's underlying representation language.
- LSDIS Lab -
The Large-Scale Distributed Information Systems Lab (Univ Georgia). Doing
extensive research and education on the Semantic Web.
- Machine Learning - David Aha's
extensive list of researchers.
- Mailing Lists - for various KR topics.
- MADEFAST -
an experiment in collaborative engineering over the Internet. Also see
the Stanford KSL page
on MADEFAST.
- Marine Metadata Interoperability Project (MMI) - "Promoting the exchange, integration and use of marine data through enhanced data publishing, discovery, documentation and accessibility.". Also see MMI's activities:
VOC2OWL,
VINE,
Advancing Domain Vocabularies workshop,
and MMI's Marine and related ontologies.
- Medical Terminologies and Ontologies: See
- MeSH - The
National Library of Medicine's subject thesaurus, also a
principle component vocabulary of UMLS.
Try out the
MeSH
browser!
- The Meteor Project - researching
Semantic Web services and their
composition.
-
Mikrokosmos -
An in-depth, broad coverage ontology for multilingual NLP from the
Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University.
- Mind Maps -
Informal graphical notation for representing
information. Some similarities to
Concept Maps and
Topic Maps.
Also see Nelements.
- MindNet -
Microsoft's automatically derived, structured KB build using NLP on
dictionaries and the Encarta encyclopedia.
-
Mizoguchi Lab - Japan. Some interesting papers and ontologies.
- Moby -
A public domain suite of lexical resources
(word lists, part-of-speech lists, thesaurus, etc.).
See here
for a quick summary.
- Multiple Ontologies -
see Ontologies - Dealing with
multiple ontologies.
- NASA's Thesaurus - covering aerospace (available for a nominal fee).
- Natural Language Processing tools - By no means a complete list.
- NLTK - Natural Language Toolkit (Open Source Licence)
- Building/using KBs via natural-language processing (NLP) techniques: See
START, and
MindNet.
- Nelements -
a generic 3-dimensional knowledge representation/knowledge management system
(you can think of it as a 3-dimensional
mind-mapping tool).
- Notio - a Java class package to provide an implementation-independent
interface for manipulating Conceptual Graphs (Univ Guelph, Canada).
- Observer
(Ontology Based System Enhanced with Relationships for Vocabulary hEterogeneity Resolution) - A project dealing with multi-ontology query processing.
- OCML - Operational Conceptual Modeling Language. Used as the modeling language in WebOnto.
- ODE - The Ontology Design Environment (Univ Madrid, Spain). See
here also.
- OIL -
Ontology
Interchange Language. A proposed standard for specifying and exchanging
ontologies, drawing together ideas from Web languages (e.g., XML, RDF),
Description Logics, and frame-based systems.
- OilEd -
a simple ontology editor for building ontologies using DAML+OIL.
- OKBC - The Open Knowledge
Base Connectivity Protocol (formerly called GFP, the Generic
Frame Protocol).
Not a language, but a standardized set of low-level access
functions for frame-based KR systems.
- OK Station (in French)
- The Ontological Knowledge Station, a commercial modeling tool
dedicated to the acquisition, definition and manipulation of knowledge bases
and ontologies, based on the OK ontological model (Univ Savoie, France).
- OMCSNet - A semantic network derived from the
OpenMind commonsense database, now superceded
by the more recent OpenMind derivative knowledge base
ConceptNet.
- OML -
Ontology Markup Language.
- ON9 -
The ontology library at
the Laboratory for Applied Ontology (Italy),
developed using the
ONIONS methodology and implemented in
Loom.
- ONIONS
- a methodology for building a library of generic ontologies, and generating
domain ontologies (the Laboratory for Applied Ontology,
Italy).
- OntoBroker -
A system using ontologies for both annotating Web documents, and providing
ontology-based answering services. OntoBroker is being
used as part of the
KA2 initiative
- OntoEdit - An Ontology
Engineering Workbench. OntoEdit is a development environment
for design, adaptation and import of knowledge models for application
systems.
- ONTOGEO -
The Geospatial Ontology Research Group in the National Technical University
of Athens. This is a repository for the research and teaching
activities of the OntoGeo Group in Geographic Information Science,
addressed primarily to researchers.
-
Ontolingua - a language and set of tools for ontology
development (from Stanford). Includes a
Sharable Ontology Library.
- ONTOLOG - an open,
international, virtual community of practice on ontologies.
- Ontology - Definitions and perspectives
- The Ontology Page (TOP)
identifies world-wide activity aimed at developing formalized ontologies
as the basis for shared and modularly-structured knowledge.
- Ontologies: History and Philosophy - See:
-
The ANSI Ad Hoc Group on Ontology Standards
- Ontologies - examples and collections (also see Thesauri). See
- Ontology Building Tools -
For building and managing ontologies.
See Michael Denny's survey of ontology editors (2002), and also the following
specific tools:
and additional systems under
Knowledge Acquisition Tools.
- Ontology Learning Tools - Automated/assisted techniques for
building an ontology. See
- Ontology Merging Tools - See
Chimera and PROMPT.
Also see Carter, a tool for helping experts build
a consensus KB.
- Ontologies - Dealing with
multiple ontologies - See
InfoQuilt,
Observer.
- Ontology Works - Ontology Works is a leading source of ontology construction
software, ontology-based database software, and ontology-based information
integration software. The Ontology Works IODE is software designed to produce
ontologies - true-to-the-world information models. These models may be
implemented in the Knowledge Server and High-Performance Knowledge Server.
(Also see their page
What
is ontology?)
- OntologyStream Inc. -
a Virginia-based company focused on incorporating knowledge science and
technology into eGovernment and intelligence applications.
- Ontosaurus -
a Web-based interface to LOOM. For a demo, browse the
Sensus KB
using it.
- OntoWeb -
Ontology-based information exchange for
knowledge management and electronic commerce. A collaborative
network of European researchers and industrials,
which aims to strengthening the European influence on
Semantic Web
standardisation efforts such as those based on RDF and XML.
- OpenCyc -
The open source version of the Cyc technology
(including selected parts of the ontology, axioms,
inference engine, and knowledge acquisition tools).
Public OpenCyc servers
(as on Dec 2002) are:
Thinker,
Turing,
McCarthy.
- The OpenMind Initiative - a collection of projects to develop "intelligent" software. Note
in particular OpenMind CommonSense (below).
- OpenMind CommonSense -
A new web site for collecting "commonsense" knowledge, as English sentences,
en masse from people on the Web.
The database can be downloaded for free. Also, a semantic network/knowledge base
called
ConceptNet
mined from this corpus is available. (Also see
Push Singh's homepage).
-
Pangloss and Penman -
natural language projects
at USC Information Sciences Institute. The creation and use of
large ontologies forms a key component of this research.
- Panlingua - A universal
theory of linguistic structure (by Chaumant Devin).
-
The PARKA Project -
a frame-based AI system which claims to scale to extremely
large KB applications (Univ Maryland at College Park).
- PDKB -
the Public Domain Knowledge Bank, planned as a public domain, common-sense KB
based on the Cyc ontology.
- PharmGKB -
The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base - an integrated
resource about how variation in human genes leads to variation in our
response to drugs.
- PIF -
Process Interchange Format
- PowerLOOM -
A KL-ONE-style knowledge representation language
(the successor of LOOM).
-
Project Peirce -
A collaborative project for developing a CG workbench
(see also ftp site).
- Prolog+CG - A Prolog implementation of (part of) conceptual graphs.
- PROMPT - An interactive ontology merging tool. Part of Protege-2000.
- Protege-2000 -
An extensible KR tool for constructing ontologies,
customizing knowledge-acquisition forms, and entering domain knowledge.
(Also see
here
and here).
- PSL -
The Process Specification Language Ontology.
- RACER - an expressive Description Logic, implemented with a highly optimized ABox tableaux calculus
(Univ Hamburg, Germany).
- RDF -
Resource Description Framework: A lightweight ontology system to
support the exchange of knowledge on the
Semantic Web.
- REMOTE
(Request Management fOr Task Execution) -
An ontology-based application providing users of wireless devices with new software applications
(developed like web services), in order to avoid the dependence on the performance of their devices.
From the Distributed Information Systems Group, Univ Zaragoza, Spain.
- RIDE - A Roadmap for Interoperability of eHealth Systems (a European-funded project).
- RKF -
DARPA's Rapid Knowledge Formation project, developing
methods to allow Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to construct
knowledge bases directly (1999-2004).
- Roget's Thesaurus
- ELKB - Software for accessing and exploring
Roget's Thesaurus.
- Bibliography on Roget - A bibliography of research using this for natural
language processing (Mario Jarmasz, Univ Ottawa, Canada).
- The 1911 Version online - part of the
ARTFL project.
- MICRA's
version - A note on the availability of MICRA's modified
version of Roget. Also see Pat Cassidy's call for collaborators in
FACTOTUM,
an electronic encyclopedic KB project (starting from Roget).
- RosettaNet -
An industry consortium established to create open e-business standards. Includes
establishing standardized terminologies (dictionaries).
- SCORE -
(Semantic Content Organization and Retrieval Engine), patented technology being
incorporated into a set of comprehensive Semantic Web products offered by
Voquette/Semagix.
- The Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM) Working Group - working towards the mechanization of Business
Process Management by using Semantic Web techniques, especially Semantic
Web Services.
- The Semantic
Enterprise - (Amit Sheth's graduate course).
- The Semantic Web - A
vision of having data on the web defined and linked in a way that it can be
used not just for display purposes, but also in various applications by
machines. Also see:
-
SENSUS from ISI, Los Angeles. A large concept taxonomy
for natural language processing and other applications.
Click
here to browse it
using the Ontosaurus browswer.
- Shaken - A knowledge
acquisition and reasoning tool built by the SRI Team, as part of DARPA's
Rapid Knowledge Formation project.
(Contact chaudhri@ai.sri.com for access to the software itself).
- SHOE -
HTML extensions to allow knowledge-representation semantics to
be added to Web pages, using explicit user-defined ontologies.
See also its successors
OML
and
CKML.
- Sigma
Knowledge Engineering Tool - An environment for
developing, viewing and debugging theories in first order
logic.
-
Sisyphys III -
Third in a series of experiments begun in 1990 by the KAcq community,
to compare techniques for constructing knowledge-based systems.
Also see KAW'98 papers on this experiment
here.
- SMDF - The Shared Meanings Design
Framework (in a very early stage, as of August 2000). An HCI-centered
methodology for supporting e-commerce developers,
by focussing on the semantics which an interface transmits. Uses SMML (Shared
Meanings Markup Language).
- SNePS -
The Semantic Network Processing System,
a knowledge representation and reasoning system from
Univ at Buffalo, NY (also see this overview of the
SNePS research group).
-
SNeRG - The Semantic Net Research Group at Univ. NY at Buffalo.
- Snobase -
IBM Ontology Management System (also known as SNOBASE, for Semantic
Network Ontology Base) is a framework for loading ontologies from files
and via the Internet and for locally creating, modifying, querying, and
storing ontologies.
- The IEEE
Standard Upper Ontology (SUO) Working Group -
working to specify a standardized upper ontology. Also see
SUMO (the Suggested Upper Merged
Ontology).
- SRS (Software Retrieval Service) -
An ontology-based application which allows users to retrieve and install software
in an easy and efficient way. From the Distributed Information Systems Group, Univ Zaragoza, Spain.
- Stanford KSL -
Stanford's Knowledge Systems Lab. Doing extensive,
pionering research in knowledge representation,
reuse, and sharing.
- The START natural language
question-answering system (Infolab, MIT). Matches questions with hand-written annotations
on paragraphs. Also see the START
HPKB demo.
- Statistical NLP -
A web site for a course, including reports, books, tools, and data collections.
- STEP/PDES -
Standard for Exchange of Product Data. A huge, international
effort to create an interlingua for exchanging manufacturing
product data.
See also STEP Tools, Inc.
- SUMO
(also see here)
- The Suggested Upper
Merged Ontology, developed within the IEEE
Standard Upper Ontology (SUO) Working Group. Contains (as of December
2003) about 1000 terms and over 4200 assertions for general ontological
concepts such as temporal relations, spatial relations, activities and
roles. Also see:
- SymOntos
(Symbolic Ontology Management System) - a software system that
stores and manages a domain ontology (LEKS, CNR, Italy).
-
Synergy - A language for "executable CGs", allowing representation
and simulation of dynamic processes using CGs.
- TAMBIS -
(Transparent Access to Multiple Biological Information Sources). TAMBIS
is an integration and retrieval system for bioinformatics resources,
using an extensive ontology authored in
the description logic GRAIL (but now moving
towards another description logic, FaCT).
- TCM - Toolkit for Conceptual Modelling.
A collection of software tools to present conceptual models of
software systems in the form of diagrams, tables, trees, and the like.
- TGM-I -
The Library of Congress's Thesaurus for Graphical Materials.
- Thesauri:
-
The ThoughtTreasure Project
-
An AI program for experimenting with AI and natural language
processing. It includes a large
ontology
of 21,521 concepts and 37,162 assertions.
- Topic Maps: A graphical representation of the topics an information
set is about, their interrelationships, and which part of an
information set are relevant to which topics. Also see
Concept Maps and
Mind Maps.
- The TOVE
project and ontologies, from the
Enterprise Integration Lab
, Univ Toronto.
- Trellis - An interactive environment allowing users to add their
observations, viewpoints, and conclusions as they analyze information
(ISI). Also see this paper and demo.
- TRIPLE -
an RDF query, inference, and transformation language for the Semantic
Web.
- Twente Ontology Collection --
(Univ Twente, Netherlands). On Ceramics, substances, and engineering design.
This page no longer seems to be available.
-
UMLS - Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) of the National
Library of Medicine (NLM). A collection of around 60 different
biomedical vocabularies, unified/aligned into a single
thesaurus, lexicon, and semantic network. Also see MESH, one of UMLS's
principle component vocabularies.
-
UT Austin - KBS Group - Work on large-scale, multifunctional
knowledge-bases.
- The VAC System - A complex, knowledge-based strategy and software tool for vehicle development (by the automotive company IAV). An animated visualization is available (download
here, instructions here)
- VerbNet - A semantically rich, class-based verb lexicon
(U. Penn).
- VINE -
Vocabulary INtegration Environment - A tool to map ontologies (from the Marine Metadata Interoperability Project)
- VOC2OWL - a tool to create OWL ontologies from ASCII files (from the Marine Metadata Interoperability Project)
- Webclopedia - an automated, retrieval-based question-answering system (ISI).
- WebGrid-II
A Web-based knowledge elicitation tool, implementing repertory grids,
from the Knowledge Science
Institute, Univ Calgary, Canada.
(Papers, and
also see WebGrid-I).
- WebKB-2 - A
large-scale, lexically-oriented (WordNet-like) knowledge-base + Web-based
interface. The WebKB-2 knowledge-base includes a "tidied up" version of
WordNet 1.7 (see
here for details). The WebKB-2 interface allows users to
retrieve, re-use, complement, annotate and be guided by other users' knowledge.
- WebOnto -
a Web-based
knowledge
modeling tool, allowing users to browse
and edit knowledge models over the Web
(Knowledge Media Institute, UK).
Uses OCML as the underlying language.
- the Wilkins' ontology (for historical interest): A 17th century literary work by
Bishop John Wilkins, presenting a large
ontology, a written and spoken language derived from the ontology, and a
dictionary that maps terms in the ontology to English.
- WonderTools -
for helping select an ontology-building tool
(SWI, Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands).
- WonderWeb -
A European Union-funded project developing
ontology infrastructure (ontology languages, frameworks, ontologies, and
other tool support) for the Semantic Web.
- WordMap -
A commercial taxonomy management system for building and
deploying taxonomies quickly and easily.
- WordNet -
a large, on-line lexical reference system. Also see:
-
KAW'96 - Proceedings (1996, Banff, Canada).
-
Workshop on Problem-Solving Methods for Knowledge-Based Systems
(Aug 23, 1997, Nagoya, Japan) in Connection with IJCAI-97
(Aug 23-29, 1997, Nagoya, Japan).
-
ProKSI'97 - workshop report from the 2nd workshop on
Product Knowledge Sharing and Integration.
-
"Comparing Description and Frame Logics" -
summary of the workshop (Mar 26-27, 1997, Karlsruhe, Germany).
-
IJCAI'97 Workshop on Problem-Solving Methods - proceedings.
-
KAW'98 - Proceedings (1998, Banff, Canada).
-
ECAI'98 Workshop on Applications of Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods
- V&V Workshop '98 -
The 1998
European Meeting on Validation and Verification of KBSs.
- KRDB'98 -- Knowledge Representation and Databases,
Proceedings of the 5th Workshop (May 31, 1998, Seattle, WA).
- CommonSense'98 - Proc. 4th Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Common Sense Reasoning.
- IJCAI'99 Workshop on Ontologies an Problem-Solving Methods.
- IJCAI'99 Workshop on Knowledge Management and Organizational Memories.
- KAW'99 - papers from the 1999 workshop.
-
ECAI'2000 Workshop on Ontology Learning (Aug 22, 2000).
- IJCAI'2001 Workshop on Ontology Learning (Aug 4, 2001).
Also see the home page
for this workshop.
- IJCAI'2001
Workshop on the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology (Aug 6, 2001)
- ADL 2001 -
Proceedings of the 2001 Workshop on Applications of Description Logics.
- Database and
Information Systems Research for Semantic Web and Enterprises -
NSF-OntoWeb Invitational Workshop (Apr 3-5, 2002).
- Proceedings of the EKAW'04 Workshop on Core Ontologies in
Ontology Engineering (2004)
- Advancing Domain Vocabularies - MMI Workshop (2005) - focusing on mapping and serving domain vocabularies.
Maintained by
Peter Clark (peter.e.clark@boeing.com)