Arrays are random access, which means that access to any element has the same cost.

• a[i] is O(1).
• Allocating a new array (not initializing the contents) could be essentially O(1). However, since Java is type-safe, the new array must be initialized for its contents type, so creation of a new size n array costs O(n).
• Arrays are rigid: they cannot be expanded. One must either:
  • Get a new larger array and copy the old contents into it, O(n)
  • Make the array over-sized, wasting some space.

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