We have seen several ways in which a mapping can be implemented:

• A function such as sqrt maps from its argument to the target value.

• If the domain is a finite, compact set of integers, we can store the target values in an array and look them up quickly.

• If the domain is a finite set, we can use a lookup table such as an association list, TreeMap or HashMap.

• If the domain is a finite set represented as an array or linked list, we can create a corresponding array or list of target values.

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