CS 314 - Specification 1: Designing and Implementing Algorithms
Assignment 1: Individual Assignment. You must complete this assignment on your own. You may not acquire from any source (e.g. another student or an internet site) a partial or complete solution to a problem or project that has been assigned. You may not show another student your solution to the assignment. You may not have another person (current student, former student, tutor, friend, anyone) “walk you through” how to solve an assignment. You may get help from the instructional staff. You may discuss general ideas and approaches with other students but you may not develop or debug code together. Review the class policy on collaboration from the syllabus.
The purposes of this assignment are:
Provided Files: CodeCamp.java contains 6 method shells. CodeCampTester.java contains a main method used for testing. CodeCamp.html is the documentation for the program.
Download the CodeCamp.java and CodeCampTester.java files. Complete these methods:
hammingDistance, isPermutation, mostVowels, sharedBirthdays,
queensAreSafe, and valueOfMostValuablePlot. You may add helper methods if you
wish, but do not change the headers of the original methods. Ensure your
solution passes all the provided tests. Add your experiment code to
CodeCamp.java. Note, passing all the provided tests
does not mean your solution is correct. We will use other tests not
published which test various edge / corner cases. Add at least 2 tests per method to CodeCampTester.java.
Getting Started:
Assignments in CS314: If you took CS312, one difference
in programming assignments is you will not always write complete programs. You will often, but not always, be given a partial program and
have to complete it. You will do a lot of coding to "spec", that is coding
to specification; the program will have already been designed and you must
implement it given the design. You will have to develop algorithms on your
own, but the specification of methods are already be complete. Many of the methods you write
won't ask the user for input or do any output. The "input" to the
methods will be via parameters and the "output " will be the return value.
Of course you can add user input and output in a method that calls the
specified method to provide a way of interactively testing the methods you
write. Remember: "Testing
Rocks, Debugging Sucks"
Optional: Download The
BevoCodeCampTester
class and the testing framework, BevoTest and add it to your Eclipse
project. On this assignment the tests are available in two forms,
CodeCampTester and BevoCodeCampTester. The CodeCampTester is simply, but
doesn't handle runtime errors or long processing times gracefully. The
BevoCodeCampTester class handles these gracefully. When grading your
assignments we will use the BevoeTest frameowork, but with different tests.
On the first assignment you have the chance to see the code from the testign
framework we use.
The BevoCodeCampTester class relies on the BevoTest jar file.
See this page to download and set up
BevoTest.
The tests you write and turn in must be in CodeCampTester and may
not use the BevoTest framework.
Complete the six methods in the program named hammingDistance,
isPermutation, mostVowels, sharedBirthdays, queensAreSafe,
and valueOfMostValuablePlot.
See the method descriptions below.
Complete the experiments required. Place your experiment code in CodeCamp.java. You may NOT share your experiment code with other students.
Add at least 2 tests per method, 12 tests total to CodeCampTester. You may share your test cases with other students and use other students test cases In the version of CodeCampTester.java that you turn in delete the original tests.
Fill in the header for CodeCamp.java. Replace <NAME> with your name. You are stating, on your honor, that you did the assignment on your own, as required and did not share your code with anyone else. If you copy code from someone else or give your code to someone else you will receive an F in the course. Fill in the header at the top of CodeCampTetser.java
Turn in your CodeCamp.java and CodeCampTester.java files individually using the turnin program. Turn in your file to your CS314 folder!
Realize that your turnin account may have multiple folders (or directories) if you are registered for more than one computer science class. (For example CS313k). Ensure you turn your assignment in to your CS314 folder. We don't have access to your other folders so it will cost you 1 slip day if we have to take the time to straighten out the mistake.
Ensure you are turning in the version of CodeCamp.java that has your completed methods and the version of CodeCampTester.java with your extra tests added and the original tests deleted. You may have more than one version of the files on your system. Do not turn in the .class file; turn in the Java source code. If you turn in the wrong one you will lose slip days and / or get a 0 on the assignment.
Ensure you files are named CodeCamp.java and CodeCampTester.java. Failure to do so will result in a loss of points and / or slip days on the assignment.
Ensure CodeCamp.java and CodeCampTester are part of the default package. Do not
add a package statement to the either file.
Assignment Restrictions: This assignment evaluates your ability to design and implement algorithms using arrays and two dimensional arrays. I don't want to know how well you know the Java standard library.
Therefore the following restriction apply to this assignment: The only methods and classes from the Java standard library you may use in your final solutions are:
mostVowels question you may use any methods from
the String classNote: all the methods require that the parameter not be altered in any way. You can create local copies of the parameters and alter them if you want to.
Checklist: Did you remember to:
Getting Help: You must start the assignment early in order to get help. Recall, you must complete this assignment on your own. You are not to copy code from other students in the class, current or previous, and you are not to copy code from the web. There are still ways to get help.
1. Hamming Distance: "The Hamming distance between two strings of equal length is the number of positions for which the corresponding symbols are different. Put another way, it measures the number of substitutions required to change one into the other, or the number of errors that transformed one string into the other." From the Wikipedia article on Hamming Distance. For this problem you will be working with arrays of ints instead of String objects.
/* Determine the Hamming distance between two arrays of ints.
pre: aList != null, bList != null, aList.length == bList.length
post: return the Hamming Distance between the two arrays of ints.
Neither the parameter aList or bList are altered as a result of this method.
*/
public static int hammingDistance(int[] aList, int[] bList){
For example given the array {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1} and the array {1, 2, 8, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 1} the Hamming distance is 2.
2. isPermutation: This method determines if one int array is a permutation of another int array.
"A permutation, also called an "arrangement number" or "order " is a rearrangement of the elements of an ordered list S into a one-to-one correspondence with S itself." [mathworld.wolfram.com] For example the list {1, 2} has the following permutations; {1, 2} and {2, 1}.
Note the elements of listA and listB are lists, not sets, so duplicate items could appear. So for example given the list {1, 2, 2} the unique permutations are {1, 2, 2}, {2, 1, 2}, and {2, 2, 1}. {2, 1} is not a permutation of {1, 2, 2}., Another example of lists that are not permutations of each other: {2, 1, 1} is not a permutation of {2, 2, 1}.
/* Determine if listA is a
permutation of listB.
pre: listA != null, listB != null
post: return true if listB is a permutation of listA, false
otherwise.
Neither listA or listB are altered as a result of this method.
*/
public static boolean isPermutation(int[] listA, int[] listB)
Hint: Do not try to solve the problem by taking one the arrays and generating all the permutations of that array and then check to see if the other array is one of those permutations. That is too inefficient except for arrays with a very small number of items.
3. mostVowels: On method mostVowels you can
use any and all parts of the String class and native arrays.
The mostVowels methods takes in an array of Strings as a
parameter and determines which String has the most vowels.
For this method vowels are the characters 'A', 'a', 'E', 'e', 'I', 'i', 'O', 'o', 'U', and 'u'. The method is not trying to determine which String has the largest number of distinct vowels. Thus "aaaaaa" has more vowels that "aeiou". The String "aaaaaa" has 6 vowels while the String "aeiou" only has 5 vowels. You can use whatever String methods you want when completing this method.
/* Determine the index of the String that has the largest number of vowels.
Vowels are defined as 'A', 'a', 'E', 'e', 'I', 'i', 'O', 'o', 'U',
and 'u'.
The parameter list is not altered as a result of this method.
pre: list != null, list.length > 0, there is an least 1
non null element in list
post: return the index of the non-null element in list that has the largest number of characters that
vowels. If there is a tie return the index closest to zero.
The empty String, "", has zero vowels. It is possible for the maximum number of vowels to be 0.
*/
public static int mostVowels(String[] list)
4. sharedBirthdays: The birthday problem is a question where most people's intuition is proved
incorrect
by mathematics. The problem is: Given a group of N people, how large must N be
so that there is a 50% chance that at least 2 of the N people have the same
birthday?
Write a method with two parameters, the number of people in a group and the number of days in the year. The method will generate random birthdays for the number of people and then determine how many pairs of people have the same birthday. You don't have to generate actual days of the year for the birthdays. You can simply use ints.
Here are two ways to generate random ints in Java. One uses an object of type
Random and the other uses the random method from the
Math class.
// fist approach
Random r = new Random();
int max = 10;
int x = r.nextInt(max);
// x will now hold a value between 0 and 9 inclusive.
// The distribution of values in uniform.
// second approach
int max = 10;
int x = (int) (Math.random() * max);
// x will now hold a value between 0 and 9 inclusive.
// The distribution of values in uniform.
If three people (Olivia, Kelly, Isabelle) who share the same birthday, that is 3 pairs of people:
/* Perform an experiment simulating the birthday problem.
Pick random birthdays for the given number of people.
Return the number of pairs of people that share the same birthday.
pre: numPeople > 0, numDaysInYear > 0
post: The number of pairs of people that share a birthday after
randomly assigning birthdays.
*/
public static int sharedBirthdays(int numPeople, int numDaysInYear) {
After completing the method run the following experiments:
Perform 1,000,000 experiments with 365 days per year and 182 people per experiment . What is the average number of pairs of people with shared birthdays? (Write a method to automate this experiment and put the code in CodeCamp.java.). Include your answer in a comment at the top of your CodeCampTester.java program.
Perform 50,000 experiments with 365 days per year and vary the number of people from 2 to 100. 50,000 runs with 365 days, and 2 people, 50,000 runs with 365 days and 3 people, ... 50,000 runs with 365 days and 100 people. Total of 4,950,000 runs, 50,000 runs per experiments * 99 experiments = 4,950,000 runs. For each of the given number of people determine the percentage of experiments where at least one pair of people shared a birthday. At what number of people (between 2 and 100) does the percentage first exceed 50%?
Include a table in a comment in your CodeCampTester.java program with the results of this experiment using the following format::
Num people: 2, number of experiments with one or more shared
birthday: 120, percentage: 0.24
.....
Num people: 100, number of experiments with one or more shared birthday: 50000 ,
percentage: 100.0
At the top of the table state how many people it requires to have a 50% chance of there being at least 1 shared birthday, given a 365 day year.
5. queensAreSafe: There is a chess and programming problem called the 8 queens problem. The goal is to place eight queens on a chess board so that none of them may attack any other queen. That is, no two queens are in the same row, column, or diagonal. In chess a queen may move any number of spaces straight up, down, left, right, or along any of the 4 diagonals. In the method you are completing the board is square (same number of rows as columns) but is not necessarily 8 by 8.
Consider the following board:
A queen's position is designated with the Q. The red arrows show the squares that queen can attack. Thus if there were a queen in any of those squares this would be an unsafe board. So the following set up is unsafe.
The following set up is safe, but the number of other safe squares is going down fast.
.. 
Here is an example with 8 queens that are all safe:
Complete a method that checks if a given board represents a safe placement of Queens. Note, the board size may be different that 8 by 8.
/* Determine if the queens on the given board are safe.
pre: board != null, board.length > 0, board is a square matrix. (In other words all rows in
board have
board.length columns.), all elements of board == 'q' or '.'.
'q's
represent queens, '.'s represent open spaces.
post: return true if the configuration of board is safe, that is no queen
can attack any
other queen on the board. Return false otherwise. The parameter board is not altered as a
result of this method.
*/
public static boolean queensAreSafe(char[][] board)
6. valueOfMostValuablePlot: For this problem a 2d array of ints
represents the value of each block in a
city. Each element in the array is a city block. The value of a block could be negative indicating the block is a liability to own.
Complete a method that finds the value of the most valuable contiguous sub
rectangle in the city represented by the 2d array. The sub rectangle must be at
least 1 by 1. (If all the values are negative "the most valuable" rectangle
would be the negative value closest to 0.)
Consider the following example. The 2d array of ints has 6 rows and 5 columns per row, representing an area of the city. The cells with the white background represent the most valuable contiguous sub rectangle in the given array. (Value of 15.)
| 0 | -2 | -7 | 0 | -1 |
| 9 | 2 | -6 | 2 | 0 |
| -4 | 1 | -4 | 1 | 0 |
| -1 | 8 | 0 | -2 | 1 |
| -10 | 1 | 1 | -5 | 6 |
| -15 | -1 | 1 | 5 | -4 |
Here is another example with the almost same 2D array with a single change. The value of the block at row 4, column 2 has been changed from 1 to 6. Given that configuration the most valuable contiguous sub rectangle in the given array has a value of 17 and is the cells with the white background.
| 0 | -2 | -7 | 0 | -1 |
| 9 | 2 | -6 | 2 | 0 |
| -4 | 1 | -4 | 1 | 0 |
| -1 | 8 | 0 | -2 | 1 |
| -10 | 6 | 1 | -5 | 6 |
| -15 | -1 | 1 | 5 | -4 |
Hint: Implement a brute force approach. The brute force approach is still complicated, but use helper methods to break the problem down into smaller, more manageable pieces.
/* Given a 2D array of ints return the value of the most valuable
contigous sub rectangle
in the 2D array. The sub rectnagle must be at lest 1 by 1.
pre: mat != null, mat.length > 0, mat[0].length > 0, mat is a
rectangular matrix.
post: return the value of the most valuable contigous sub rectangle
in city.
the 2d array city, is not altered as a result of this method call.
*/
public static int mostValuablePlot(int[][] city){
Expected length of solutions: My solutions to the problems above added about 210 lines to CodeCamp.java. That includes many blank lines, lines with a single brace, and comments. About 130 actual lines of new code in my solution.