Mathematical logic requires that certain strong conditions be satisfied by the data being represented:

• Discrete Objects: The objects represented must be discrete individuals: people, trucks, but not 1000 gallons of gasoline.

• Truth or Falsity: Propositions must be entirely true or entirely false; inaccuracy or degrees of belief are not representable.

• Non-Contradiction: Not only must data not be contradictory, but facts derivable by rules must not contradict.

These strict requirements give logic its power, but make it difficult to use for many practical applications.

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