Type Conversions
Conversion from a lower range type to higher range type is
called widening and is done automatically. However,
to go from a higher range type to lower range type (narrowing)
you have to explicitly use type casting.
float x = 5.67;
int i = (int) x;
Character Data Type
Java uses 16-bit Unicode to represent characters. The Unicode
representation is of the form '\uxxxx', where xxxx
is hexadecimal notation and ranges from 0000 to FFFF.
char ch = 'A';
char alpha = '\u03b1';
Boolean Data Type
Boolean data types can have two values either true
or false.
Comparison Operators
| less than | < |
| less than or equal to | <= |
| greater than | > |
| greater than or equal to | >= |
| equal to | == |
| not equal to | != |
Boolean or Logical Operators
| NOT | ! |
| AND | && |
| OR | || |
| EXCLUSIVE OR | ^ |
Truth Table for NOT
Truth Table for AND
| A | B | A && B |
| F | F | F |
| F | T | F |
| T | F | F |
| T | T | T |
Truth Table for OR
| A | B | A || B |
| F | F | F |
| F | T | T |
| T | F | T |
| T | T | T |
Truth Table for EXCLUSIVE OR
| A | B | A ^ B |
| F | F | F |
| F | T | T |
| T | F | T |
| T | T | F |
Conditional Boolean Operator
If you have an expression of the form A && B then Java
evaluates A first. If A is true, then Java
evaluates B. If A is false, then Java does not
evaluate B.
If you have an expression of the form A || B then Java
evaluates A first. If A is true, then Java does
not evaluate B. If A is false, then Java does
evaluate B.
Bitwise Operators
The bitwise operators include the AND operator &, the OR
operator |, the EXCLUSIVE OR operator ^. The bitwise
operators applies to boolean and integer types. Both operands are always
evaluated.