Adding N-bit signeds creates an N+1 bit signed.
ACL2's fancy unification stuff means this works fine in the common case that you're dealing with quoted constants for N and N+1. See also basic-signed-byte-p-of-+-with-cin.
Theorem:
(defthm basic-signed-byte-p-of-+ (implies (and (signed-byte-p n a) (signed-byte-p n b)) (signed-byte-p (+ 1 n) (+ a b))))