Fault Breakdown
Project Phase
Faults found (%)
Effort (%)
Specification
3.25
5
Z proof
16
2.5
High-level design
1.5
2
Detailed Design, Code & informal
test
26.25
17
Unit test
15.75
25
Integration test
1.25
1
Code proof
5.25
4.5
System validation test
21.5
9.5
Acceptance test
1.25
1.5
Other (e.g. management & training)
8
32