Prerequisites, Overview, and Goals

This course explores leading edge paradigms for automated software design. Topics/paradigms include:

• Model Driven Engineering (MDE) — programs are specified as and produced from models
• Software Product Lines (SPL) — programs that are constructed from declarative feature specifications
• Program Refactoring — common automated restructuring of object-oriented programs
• Metaprogramming and Generative Programming — programs are written by other programs
• Automatic Programming — efficient programs are deduced from declarative specifications
• Program Analysis — tools that deduce properties of programs
• Compositional Programming — programs are assembled by composing prefabricated parts
• Domain-Specific Languages (DSL) — domain-specific notations that simplify program specification
• Correct by Construction — proof of correctness embodied in design approaches

A spectacular example of the integration of most of these areas was realized almost fourty years ago: relational query optimization (RQO). A relational query is specified in SQL, a parser maps it to an inefficient relational algebra expression, a query optimizer optimizes the expression automatically, and an efficient query evaluation program is generated from the optimized expression. SQL is a prototypical declarative DSL. Query evaluation programs are specified as compositions of relational algebra operations; relational algebra is a prototype for compositional programming. Query optimizers achieve automatic programming by rewriting an inefficient expression/program to a semantically equivalent but more efficient expression/program. The cost models that drive expression optimization are examples of program analysis. Translating a relational algebra expression to an efficient program is generative programming and translating an SQL statement into an efficient Java program is an elementary example of model driven engineering.

A "holy grail" of Software Engineering is to replicate the success of RQO in other domains. Feature Oriented Software Development is a generalization, and its ideas are at the confluence mainstream research topics in software modularity, program design and program generation: OO design, product-lines, program refactoring, model driven engineering, program evolution, and program transformations.

Programming Assignments

All programming assignments will use Java. We will use the following software, all of which is free to UTCS students, and all of which has been installed in the UTCS public labs.  The following is for Windows Platforms.  If you use Apple or Linux machines, well, I will try to help as much as I can, but no promises!

• NetBeans 8.2 IDE (Java SE version) --  (Do NOT install Apache NetBeans 9.0 or 10.0.  There is something screwed up with it).
  I prefer NetBeans over Eclipse for program development as NetBeans is a simpler environment.  We will use different instances of Eclipse to run special tools and these will be stated clearly in programming assignments. On Linux, Netbeans AND Eclipse are on the default path, just type "> netbeans" or "> eclipse"
• FeatureIDE -- A useful collection of integrated tools for creating feature-based product lines.  I strongly recommend that you download Eclipse with the FeatureIDE plug-in already installed.
• VLC Media Player -- to view .MOV videos shown in class.  (You can use Windows Media Player, but its video resolution is awful).  No need for this software if you are a Mac user. On Linux, there are several media players.  xine is one and it is installed in /usr/bin
  

Please note that some Java programs will be released and updated during the Semester.  These programs are NOT installed on the UTCS public labs.  You will have to install these updates yourself.  Their links will be posted on assignments.

Course Prerequisites

Basic familiarity with the following topics are assumed -- all that is needed will be covered, but some prior experience helps a lot!

• Java
• Relational Databases
• Object-Orientation and UML
• Compilers and Grammars
  
  

Lecture Notes and Texts

Lecture notes posted online after the lecture as downloadable PPTX files.  Links to the lectures are given below in the Course Outline. There are two required texts for this course:

•  Automated Software Design Volume 1                         Note this zip file contains a PDF and videos.  It is also password protected.  I'll give you the password in class.
  (comments)
  
• B. Pierce,  Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists       Note: see 2nd paragraph below
  

The Automated Software Design text is free but not yet published. Access is password protected; I'll provide the password to you in class. The text encodes my lecture notes from my undergraduate class and its material is the preparation for this class.  There are chapters that I'll cover from this text (and then some) in this graduate class. Use it as a reference for additional background material.

Hint: I am unimpressed with today’s ebooks.  They are as expensive as hard copies and ebook software sucks.  Your call.  As a free alternative -- a progenitor of this text is Pierce's 1988 CMU Tech Report "A taste of category theory for computer scientists", which  I have annotated. Use it.

Class Grades, Projects, and Homework

Final grades will be determined approximately by the following scheme:

1. Your accumulative programming assignment grade will determine the maximum final grade for the course.  Ex: if you get a "B" average across all of your programming projects, your final grade will be no greater than a "B".
2. Final counts 40%; midterm counts 40%; class (room+piazza) participation 20%,  approximately.

All programming projects are to be submitted through Canvas.  A PDF file explaining your solution must be included on all assignments.

Extenuating Circumstances

If you have difficulty meeting the requirements of this course, fail to hand in an assignment, or miss an exam because of extenuating circumstances, please advise the instructor in writing at the earliest possible date so that your situation can be discussed. If you encounter an unexpected medical or family emergency or a random act of Nature that causes you to miss the due date for homework or miss a quiz or exam, you must present suitable documentation in writing to the instructor before special consideration will be given. A file of all written correspondence will be kept by the instructor and decisions regarding them will be made at the end of the semester.

Schedule

Numbers in [brackets] indicates the estimated number of lectures on a topic. The number indicated is a lower-bound, as there will be classroom discussions to work on problems and review of homework assignments. Papers that are listed below are required readings and are accessible via its web link.  The order in which topics are presented might be changed as the class progresses.

The syllabus on the first day of class is here (to be posted here after the first class), as I do modify this page as the course progresses, like posting new assignments, readings, and lectures.

Topics [# of lectures + days of discussion]	Readings	Written Assignments	Programming Assignments
0. PreCourse Survey		Precourse Survey
1. Introduction to Model Driven Engineering  [5]  UML class diagrams, MDE models and metamodels, T2M transformations Metamodel Constraints and M2M transformations Building Domain-Specific Tools with MDE, bootstrapping MDE Tools Metamodel Equivalence and Metamodel Refactorings In Class Exercises	Ch1 & 2 OCLTutorial Wikipedia MDE Article	H1: Mappings to Tables Solutions H2: Metamodels Solutions Feb 8 H3: Metamodel Refactoring  Feb 13, 10pm	P1: Constraints, M2M, and M2T Xforms Feb 7, 10pm Grader P2: Creating MDELite Tools with Catalina Feb 15, 10pm Grader
2. Feature Models of Software Product Lines (SPLs) [3]  Feature models, attribute grammars, propositional formulas, SAT solvers Feature model analyses, reasoning about edits Optimizing configurations in SPLs	Ch 5.1 - 5.3 Mining Config Constraints CVL-Revison (Sec 7.2 and 7.3)		P3: Violet to OOSchema Tool Feb 22, 10pm Grader
3. Feature Oriented Software Development (SPLs) [3]  Layered designs, OO virtual machines, collaborations, extensions, mixins, mixin-layers FOSD, Principles of Uniformity and Scalability, generalized modularity, composition HelloWorld.zip example in FeatureHouse	Ch 5.4 FeatureHouse DOP		P4: Incremental Development of a Java SPL Due March 11 Grader
Midterm                                                              Practice Midterm	Midterm Solutions
4. Feature Interactions and Product Lines of Product Lines [2] Featue interactions, quarks, formal models of interactions Multi product lines, product lines of rank n>1, kubes (if time)	Feature Interactions, Products, and Composition	H4: Feature Interaction Algebras  Due Apr 1	P5: FeatureHouse  Java SPL Due Apr 3
5. Refactorings and Design Patterns  [4]  Review of Classical Refactorings Review of Classical Design Patterns Reflective Refactoring - Part 1 Reflective Refactoring - Part 2	Ch 3+4
6. Design by Transformation (DxT) [2]  Map reduce, Liskov and Perry substitution principles, refinement, optimization, correct-by-construction Parallel architectures, product lines of streaming applications Product lines of streaming applications (optional)	Ch 6		P8 Gamma Due May 9th Grader
7. Category Theory [4] score card for categories Domains, instances, arrows and MDE Pragmatics, inheritance, SPLs, functors, examples, commuting diagrams Products, product families, products of categories, pushouts Applications: portlet synthesis, geodesics, lifting, homomorphisms, test generation	Ch 7 Pierce's  Text (pgs 1-27, 36-39, 41-47)	H5: BNF of BNF Due Apr 22
8. Final Review [1]
Final	Solutions to the Take Home Final